100s BC (decade)
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
| Centuries: | 3rd century BC – 2nd century BC – 1st century BC |
| Decades: | 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC – 100s BC – 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC |
| Years: | 109 BC 108 BC 107 BC 106 BC 105 BC 104 BC 103 BC 102 BC 101 BC 100 BC |
| 100s BC-related categories: |
Births – Deaths Establishments |
Events
Contents: 109 BC 108 BC 107 BC 106 BC 105 BC 104 BC 103 BC 102 BC 101 BC 100 BC
109 BC
By place
Asia
- Han campaigns against Dian: Emperor Wu of Han launches a new campaign against the Dian Kingdom and establishes the Yizhou commandery in Yunnan during the dynasty's expansion southward.
Roman Republic
- A Roman army under Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 109 BC) is defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones near the river Rhone.
108 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- Roman forces under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus defeat the forces of Jugurtha of Numidia at the Battle of the Muthul, with Gaius Marius as a subordinate.
Asia
- The Korean kingdom of Wiman Joseon falls, and Chinese Emperor Wu of Han establishes the Lelang Commandery in northern Korea.
- December – The Han Dynasty Chinese under commander Zhao Ponu are victorious in the Battle of Loulan in the Tarim Basin, resulting in the submission of Dayuan and the Wusun in Central Asia.
107 BC
By place
Crimea
- The uprising of Saumachus against Mithridates VI in the Bosporan Kingdom.
Roman Republic
- Gaius Marius, having enacted the Marian reforms of the Roman army, arrived in North Africa to lead the war against Jugurtha, with a young quaestor named Lucius Cornelius Sulla as a subordinate.
106 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- Sulla captures Jugurtha, thus ending the Jugurthine War.
Asia
105 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- October 6 – The Battle of Arausio, where the Cimbri destroy two Roman armies on the Rhône, is the most severe defeat of Roman forces since the Battle of Cannae.
- Gaius Marius, together with the consul Publius Rutilius Rufus, initiates sweeping reforms of the Roman army.
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla secures the capture of Jugurtha. His success is made possible by the treachery of Bocchus I, king of Mauretania, and this ends the Jugurthine War (which has begun in 112 BC).
- First official Gladiator Match.
104 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- In Rome enacts a state of emergency, the way to Italy lays open to the Germanic invaders. Gaius Marius, the conqueror of Jugurtha, is elected consul for the second time. He celebrates his triumph over Jugurtha, who is led in the procession and thrown into the Tullianum where he dies of starvation.
- Second Servile War: Athenion starts a slave rebellion in Segesta (Sicily).
Judea
- Aristobulus I succeeds John Hyrcanus, becoming king and high priest of Judea, until 103 BC.
Asia
- Emperor Wu of Han maintains large armies of occupation and burdens the Chinese economy. Landowners expanding their holdings, but farmers are forced to borrow at usurious rates and paying 50 percent of their crops as rent. Homelessness and banditry has increased, and agricultural productivity has declined.
- Sima Qian starts writing his Shiji.
103 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- Gaius Marius prepares a campaign against the Ambrones and Teutones under king Teutobod who are settled in Gaul.
- Tryphon and Athenion lead the Second Servile War in Sicily.
Judea
- Alexander Jannaeus succeeds his brother Aristobulus I as king and high priest of Judea, until 76 BC.
102 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- Gaius Marius defeats the Scirii and Teutones at Aix-en-Provence (or Battle of Aquae Sextae).
- The Cimbri defeat the Consul Quintus Lutatius Catulus in the Adige Valley.
Asia
- The Chinese under Emperor Wu of Han besiege and capture Kokand of Dayuan in the Hellenistic Ferghana Valley, during a 2 year war with the Yuezhi.
101 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- The Roman consuls Gaius Marius and Manius Aquillius defeat the Cimbri in the Battle of Campi Raudii (or Battle of Vercellae).
Libya
- Ptolemy Apion inherits the kingdom of Cyrenaica.
100 BC
By place
Roman Republic
- Consuls: Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Gaius Marius (Marius's sixth consulship).
- Manius Aquillius celebrates an ovation for victories in the Second Servile War.
- Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a tribune, passes a law to redistribute land to military veterans. The law requires that all senators swear to abide by it. Quintus Caecilus Metellus Numidicus refuses and is exiled. He goes to Rhodes to study philosophy.
- December – Saturninus stands for consul for the following year. A rival candidate, Gaius Memmius, is found murdered by agents of Saturninus, who is declared a public enemy by the Senate. Marius, as consul, defeats his former ally in battle in the Forum. Saturninus and his followers surrender on condition that their lives are spared, but they are stoned to death with roof tiles by renegade senators.
- The building of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy, is begun. The model of it is now kept at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Italy (approximate date).
Asia Minor
- Tigranes II of Armenia is placed on Armenian throne by the Parthians in exchange for the cession of "seventy valleys". (approximate date)
Judea
- The deuterocanonical books of 1 and 2 Maccabees are written.
Middle East
Asia
- Peasants revolt under Emperor Wu of Han. The Great Wall is extended out into the Gobi Desert, and sections of the wall are detached with signalling towers.
- Gandhara and Punjab are ruled by the Indo-Greek king Demetrius III Aniketos.
- A History of China is written by Sima Qian (approximate date).
America
- Mural room in the Maya pyramid at San Bartolo, Guatemala, painted.
- Olmec III period ends in Southeastern Mexico.
Births
- 100 BC – Julius Caesar (probable date, alternatively 104 BC)
References
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