Hexagonal water

Hexagonal water, also known as structured water, is a term used in a marketing scam[1][2] that claims the ability to create a certain configuration of water that is better for the body.[3] The term "hexagonal water" refers to a cluster of water molecules forming a hexagonal shape that supposedly enhances nutrient absorption, removes metabolic wastes, and enhances cellular communication, among other things.[4] Similar to the dihydrogen monoxide hoax, the scam takes advantage of the consumer's limited knowledge of chemistry, physics, and physiology.

For the six-sided shape water takes in nature, see snowflake.

Incompatibilities with science

The concept of hexagonal water clashes with several established scientific ideas. Although water clusters have been observed experimentally, they have a very short lifetime: the hydrogen bonds are continually breaking and reforming at timescales shorter than 200 femtoseconds.[5] This contradicts the hexagonal water model's claim that the particular structure of water consumed is the same structure used by the body. Similarly, the hexagonal water model claims that this particular structure of water "resonates with energetic vibrations of the body to amplify life force".[2] Although water molecules strongly absorb energy in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, there is no scientific evidence that supports the theory that hexagon-shaped water polymers would be created through bombardment of energy of these frequencies.[2]

Proponents of the hexagonal water model claim that the measurable differences[6] between commercially available "hexagonal water" products and tap water under 17O Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate hexagonal water's special properties. However, this technique shows no significant differences between the supposed "hexagonal water", ultrapure water, and human urine.[1][6] The experimental observation[7][8] of water clusters requires spectroscopic tools such as Far-infrared (FIR) vibration-rotation-tunneling (VRT) spectroscopy (an infrared spectroscopy technique).

See also

References
  1. Rowe, Aaron (2008-03-17). "Video: Hexagonal Water is an Appalling Scam". Wired Science. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  2. "Drinking Water and Water Treatment Scams" (PDF). Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2003-10-22. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  3. "Understanding Hexagonal Water". Aqua Technology. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  4. "Hexagonal Water". Frequency Rising. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  5. Smith, Jared D.; Christopher D. Cappa; Kevin R. Wilson; Ronald C. Cohen; Phillip L. Geissler; Richard J. Saykally (2005). "Unified description of temperature-dependent hydrogen-bond rearrangements in liquid water" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102 (40): 14171–14174. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214171S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506899102. PMC 1242322. PMID 16179387.
  6. Shin, Paul. "Water, Water, Everywhere,Caveat Emptor (Buyer Beware)!" (PDF).
  7. C. J. Gruenloh; J. R. Carney; C. A. Arrington; T. S. Zwier; S. Y. Fredericks; K. D. Jordan (1997). "Infrared Spectrum of a Molecular Ice Cube: The S4 and D2d Water Octamers in Benzene-(Water)8". Science. 276 (5319): 1678. doi:10.1126/science.276.5319.1678.
  8. M. R. Viant; J. D. Cruzan; D. D. Lucas; M. G. Brown; K. Liu; R. J. Saykally (1997). "Pseudorotation in Water Trimer Isotopomers Using Terahertz Laser Spectroscopy". J. Phys. Chem. A. 101 (48): 9032. Bibcode:1997JPCA..101.9032V. doi:10.1021/jp970783j.
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