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| current and voltage (which produce power) from acting together for each point of the cycle, with the net effect being a reduced production of power. The net power produced compared to the 100 percent produced if both current and voltage acted together fully is known as power factor. Further, the action can be looked at as something which prevents the free flow of electricity in the circuit, somewhat like the resistance produced by the friction of the water flow in a pipe. This magnetic reaction in a conductor is called self-inductance since it is caused by the magnetic field about itself. |

| Mutual Inductance |

| This same reaction may be caused by the magnetic fields of adjacent conductors, in which case it is called mutual inductance, since both conductors affect each other (Fig. 1-11). |

| Inductive Reactance |

| The obstructive effect of these phenomena of induction within a conductor and between conductors carrying alternating current is called inductive reactance and, like resistance in a circuit, is measured in ohms. |

| Capacitance-Capacitive Reactance.. |

| When two conductors are near each other, there is also another reaction between them, but it is not due to the magnetic field. As an alternating current flows through a conductor, it will cause that conductor to have a scarcity of electrons during the first half cycle and an excess during the second half cycle. In attempting to restore a balance, it will therefore tend to attract and repel electrons from the adjacent conductor. This to-and-fro motion of electrons sets up an alternating current in the second conductor. If both conductors are carrying alternating currents, they will react upon each other. |

| The amount of this reaction, called capacitance will depend on the |

| Figure 1-11 The effect of the magnetic field about a conductor on an adjacent conductor. |

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