Zodiac (cipher)

This article is about the block cipher. For other uses, see Zodiac (disambiguation).

Zodiac
General
Designers	Chang-Hyi Lee
First published	2000
Derived from	SAFER, SHARK
Related to	Xenon
Cipher detail
Key sizes	128, 192, or 256 bits
Block sizes	128 bits
Structure	Feistel network
Rounds	16
Best public cryptanalysis
Impossible differential cryptanalysis recovers 128-bit key in 2¹¹⁹ encryptions

In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum.

Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure with key whitening. The round function uses only XORs and S-box lookups. There are two 8×8-bit S-boxes: one based on the discrete exponentiation 45^x as in SAFER, the other using the multiplicative inverse in the finite field GF(2⁸), as introduced by SHARK.

Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2¹¹⁹ encryptions.

References

Zodiac Technical Material (PDF) at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
Deukjo Hong; Jaechul Sung; Shiho Moriai; Sangjin Lee & Jongin Lim (April 2001). Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Zodiac (PDF). 8th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 2001). Yokohama: Springer-Verlag. pp. 300–311. doi:10.1007/3-540-45473-X_25. ISBN 9783540438694.

HONG D, SUNG J, MORIAI S, LEE S & LIM J (2002). "Cryptography and Information Security. Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Zodiac.". IEICE Trans Fundam Electron Commun Comput Sci. E85-A (1): 38–43.
Wen Ji & Lei Hu (2008). "Square Attack on Reduced-Round Zodiac Cipher". Information Security Practice and Experience. Springer. pp. 377–391. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79104-1_27. ISBN 978-3-540-79103-4.

Block ciphers (security summary)

Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (Internal Mechanics, Triple DES) Serpent Twofish

Less common algorithms	Camellia CAST-128 IDEA RC2 RC5 RC6 SEED ARIA Skipjack TEA XTEA

Other algorithms	3-Way Akelarre Anubis BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES GOST Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES Libelle LOKI (97, 89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q RC6 REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon SM4 Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES Xenon xmx XXTEA Zodiac

Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai-Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)

Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM (Biclique attack, 3-subset MITM attack) Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential (Impossible Truncated Higher-order) Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Mod n Related-key Slide Rotational Timing XSL Interpolation Partitioning Davies' Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff

Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE

Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

Cryptography

History of cryptography Cryptanalysis Outline of cryptography

Symmetric-key algorithm Block cipher Stream cipher Public-key cryptography Cryptographic hash function Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography

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Zodiac (cipher)

References

Further reading