Yoshida Kanetomo
Yoshida Kanetomo (吉田兼倶 1435–1511) was a Japanese Shinto priest of the Sengoku period. He was a seminal figure in the evolution of a coherent descriptive and interpretive schema of Shinto ritual and mythology.[1]
Career
Kanetomo progressed gradually through the ranks of the Imperial offices in the Jingi-kan (Department of Shinto Affairs), which was one of the Imperial bureaucracies which were set up under the ritsuryō system in the 8th century. Kanetomo's eventually became an Imperial Chamberlain (侍従 jijū). Other positions he held at different times were Senior Assistant Director of Divinities (神祇大輔 jingi taifu) and Vice Director of the Board of Censors (弾正台弼 danjōdai hitsu).[1]
- 1511 (Eishō 8, 2nd month): When Kanetomo died at the age of 77, his passing was considered a significant event in the chronicles of the Imperial history of Japan.[2]
Yoshida Shinto
The early period Shinto school founded by Kanetomo was called Genpon-Sōgen Shinto ("Shinto of the Original Founder"),[1] also known as Yuiitsu Shintō ("Only one Shintō").[3] Prior to Kanetomo, the understanding and practice of Shinto was intermingled with Buddhism.[2] Sanetomo invested a lifetime in a process of disentangling what were thereafter construed as the two distinct entities.[1]
Inverted honji suijaku
The term honji suijaku expresses a Japanese Buddhist theory according to which a perceived Shinto kami is the manifestation of a Buddhist god.[4] This theory proposed and presumed that the resulting dual entity would necessarily have a fundamental Buddhist core, and that any Shinto aspect was secondary.[5]
In the late Kamakura period, a counter-theory arose which also began with the notion of such dual entities; however, the counter-theorists construed that the kami side was primary and the Buddhist one was secondary. This came to be known as the Inverted honji suijaku .[6]
Kanetomo was influenced by these ideas and brought them further. He proposed to set aside the conceptual theories of such entities.[7]
Up through the end of the Edo period, Kanetomo's followers and the Yoshida Shrine were granted the right to award ranks to all shrines and priests except for those associated with the Imperial family.[8]
See also
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 Itō Satoshi. "Yoshida Kanetomo," Encyclopedia of Shinto. April 15, 2006.
- 1 2 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 368., p. 368, at Google Books; aka Ourabe no Kane tomo
- ↑ Scheid, Bernhard. (2001). Der eine und einzige Weg der Götter: Yoshida Kanetomo und die Erfindung des Shinto, p. 141.
- ↑ Satō Masato. "Honji Suijaku Setsu," Encyclopedia of Shinto. March 30, 2007; Basic Terms of Shinto, "Honji Suijaku Setsu," 1997.
- ↑ Scheid, Bernhard. "Honji suijaku: Die Angleichung von Buddhas und Kami;" Breen, John and Mark Teuween. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, p. 95., p. 95, at Google Books
- ↑ Breen, John and Mark Teuween. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, p. 95., p. 95, at Google Books
- ↑ Shirayama, Yoshitarō. "Han-Honji Suijaku Setsu ('Anti-Honjisuijaku thought')." Encyclopedia of Shinto. March 30, 2007.
- ↑ Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, p. 176., p. 176, at Google Books
References
- Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2362-7; OCLC 43487317
- Scheid, Bernhard. (2001). Der eine und einzige Weg der Götter: Yoshida Kanetomo und die Erfindung des Shinto. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 9783700129899; OCLC 186460367
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
External links
- Kokugakuin University, Encyclopedia of Shinto, "Yoshida Kanetomo"