Yinglish
Yinglish words (also referred to colloquially as Hebronics) are neologisms created by speakers of Yiddish in English-speaking countries, sometimes to describe things that were uncommon in the old country. Leo Rosten's book The Joys of Yiddish[1] uses the words Yinglish and Ameridish to describe new words, or new meanings of existing Yiddish words, created by English-speaking persons with some knowledge of Yiddish. Rosten defines "Yinglish" as "Yiddish words that are used in colloquial English" (such as kibitzer)[2] and Ameridish as words coined by Jews in the United States;[3] his use, however, is sometimes inconsistent. According to his definition on page x, alrightnik is an Ameridish word; however, on page 12 it is identified as Yinglish.
The Joys of Yiddish describes the following words as Yinglish except where noted as Ameridish:
- alrightnik, alrightnikeh, alrightnitseh – male, female, female individual who has been successful; nouveau riche[4]
- bleib shver – from German bleibt schwer, meaning remains difficult - unresolved problem, especially in Talmud learning
- blintz (Yinglish because the true Yiddish is blintzeh)[5]
- bluffer, blufferkeh – male, female person who bluffs[6]
- boarderkeh, bordekeh – (Ameridish) female paying boarder[7]
- boychick, boychikel, boychiklekh – young boy, kiddo, handsome[8]
- bulbenik (Ameridish) – an actor who muffs his lines, from bilbul - mixup (alternative theory - bulba, literally potato, figuratively error)[9]
- bummerkeh (Ameridish) – a female bum
- cockamamy false, ersatz, crazy (of an idea), artificial, jury-rigged (prob. from Eng. "decalcomania," a "decal," a sticker, a cheap process for transferring images from paper to glass.) In the Bronx, in the first half of the 20th century, a "cockamamie" was a washable temporary "tattoo" distributed in bubblegum packets.
- donstairsikeh, donstairsiker – female, male living downstairs
- dresske – bargain-basement dress
- fin – five, or five-dollar bill, shortened form of Yiddish פינף finif (five)
- kosher – Yinglish, not in its religious or Yiddish meanings, but only in five slang senses: authentic, trustworthy, legitimate, fair, and approved by a higher source. Its pronunciation, as "kōsher", is another distinguishing factor, as in true Yiddish it is pronounced "kūsher" or "kösher"
- mensch – a person of uncommon maturity and decency
- nextdoorekeh, nextdooreker – female, male living next door
- opstairsikeh, opstairsiker (Ameridish) – female, male living upstairs
- pisha paysha – corruption of English card game "Pitch and Patience"
- sharopnikel (Ameridish) – a small object that causes quieting, such as a pacifier, teething ring
- shmegegge (Ameridish) – an unadmirable or untalented person
- shmo – shortened version of 'shmock' or 'shmearal', see 'shnuk'
- shnuk (Ameridish) – an idiotic person
- tararam – a big tummel
- tuchas – buttocks
See also
References
- ↑ Rosten (1970)
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. ix
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. x
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 12
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 42
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 43
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 44
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 49
- ↑ Rosten (1970), p. 56
Bibliography
- Rosten, Leo (1970) [1968]. The Joys of Yiddish. Pocket Books/Washington Square Press. ISBN 0-671-72813-X.