Yilan County, Taiwan
| Yilan County 宜蘭縣 | |||
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| County | |||
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| Coordinates: 24°45′2″N 121°45′33″E / 24.75056°N 121.75917°ECoordinates: 24°45′2″N 121°45′33″E / 24.75056°N 121.75917°E | |||
| Country | Taiwan | ||
| Province | Taiwan Province | ||
| Region | Northeastern Taiwan | ||
| Seat | Yilan City | ||
| Largest city | Yilan City | ||
| Boroughs | 1 cities, 11 (3 urban, 8 rural) townships | ||
| Government | |||
| • County Magistrate | Lin Tsung-hsien (DPP) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 2,143.6251 km2 (827.6583 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 6 of 22 | ||
| Population (Dec. 2014) | |||
| • Total | 458,777 | ||
| • Rank | 17 of 22 | ||
| • Density | 210/km2 (550/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | National Standard Time (UTC+8) | ||
| Website | |||
| Symbols | |||
| Flower | Cymbidium | ||
| Tree | Chinese flame tree (Koelreuteria formosana) | ||
| Yilan County, Taiwan | |||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 宜蘭縣 | ||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 宜兰县 | ||||||||||||||
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Yilan County (Chinese: 宜蘭縣; pinyin: Yílán Xiàn; Wade–Giles: I2-lan2 Hsien4) is a county in northeastern Taiwan. Yilan is officially administered as a county of the Republic of China.
Name
The name Yilan name derives from the aboriginal Kavalan tribe. Other former names in reference to this area in the Yilan Plain include Kabalan,[1] Kavalan, La-A-Lan,E-A-Lan, and Gilan. Before 2009, the county's official name was transliterated as Ilan.
History
Since early ages, many people have traveled from far places to Yilan. Indigenous tribes that have settled in Yilan are Kavalan people and Atayal people.
The Kavalan people came by the sea and lived by the river at Yilan Plain since around 1,000 years ago. They mostly speak the Austronesian languages. Their settlements consisted of small villages along rivers with around 40-50 communities scattered around the area with a total population of approximately 10,000 people. The Atayal people came by crossing the Xiyuan Pass and settled in the mountain areas.
The Atayal people arrived in Yilan around 250 years ago and settled along the upper Dazhuoshui River. Later, the tribes crossed the Siyuan Pass to reach the valley upstream of the Zhuoshui River. These people are the current residents of Datong Township. Other parts of the Atayal people headed east to enter and settle along the Nan'ao North River and Heping North River. These groups are now settled in Nan-ao Township.
Around 200 years ago at the end of 18th century, the Han Chinese traversed the mountain range and settled in Yilan. Large populations began taming the wilderness, cultivating the fields and building irrigation channels. They used various means to seize lands from the Kavalans. Some Kavalans left their homes while some others migrated southwards to Hualien and Taitung coastlines and established settlements.[2]
Spanish Formosa
The Spaniards began arriving in Taiwan in the 17th century. In 1626, the Spaniards led an invasion under the pretext of ship crews having been slain by Taiwanese barbarians. They then torched harbors and surrounding villages, and even went as far as taking over Su'ao Town and established a city called Saint Lorenzo.
Dutch Formosa
The Spaniards were subsequently ousted by the Dutch who had taken over the southern part of Taiwan and established Dutch Formosa. In 1640, the Dutch began contacting Han Chinese merchants for trade and levying taxes on various commercial goods. The merchants had to pay all company taxes but also enjoyed the right to monopolize trade.
Kingdom of Tungning
During the Kingdom of Tungning era, the previous economy monopoly system developed during the Dutch Formosa continued to be practiced.
Qing Dynasty
When the Qing Dynasty annexed Taiwan, they established the Kavalan sub-prefecture in Yilan. In 1806, armed conflicts broke out among various ethnic immigrants, followed by pillaging by pirates. The Qing Dynasty government subsequently realized that if they continued to disregard the Kavalan people and did not establish rule of law and a system of defense, Yilan would become a haven for criminals and outlaws, a thorn in the side for Taiwan. In 1809, Jiaqing Emperor incorporated Kavalan into the domain of the empire. Troops were dispatched to quell pirate attacks and chart local territory.
Local government systems in Taiwan underwent many changes during the Qing Dynasty period. But with regards to administrative levels lower than the county, including local villages, there were no major changes. The earliest organization and planning of Yilan consisted of seven citadels. In 1835, the seven citadels were further divided into 12 citadels based on the needs of the changing population and environment. This arrangement remained unchanged until the end of Qing Dynasty rule.[3]
After the Mudan Incident in 1874, Qing rulers changed their passive attitude and took a more ambitious approach in ruling Taiwan. The original aboriginal term Kavalan district was renamed with a more Han-centric Yilan name and the administrative system was also changed accordingly from the original temporary "district" to a formally governed "county".[4] In 1875, the newly created Taipeh Prefecture included modern-day Yilan County.
Empire of Japan
After the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the Qing government handed over Taiwan to the Japan in accordance with the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Modern-day Yilan County covers Giran District (宜蘭郡), Ratō District (羅東郡), Suō District (蘇澳郡), and Giran City (宜蘭市) as they existed from 1920 to 1945, all under Taihoku Prefecture, during Japanese rule.
Republic of China
After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, the present-day area of Yilan County was incorporated under Taipei County. On 16 August 1950, Yilan County was established as a county of Taiwan Province with Yilan City as the county seat.
Geography
Yilan County sits on the Yilan Plain, a combined alluvial plain created by Lanyang River and other minor streams with a rough shape of triangle. On the three vertices of the triangle sit the Toucheng, Sanxing and Su-ao Townships with a roughly equal distance of 30 km on the three sides. The Xueshan Range sits on the northwest of Yilan County from Toucheng to Sanxing. The county is geographically divided into the cliffs and the plains. The Central Mountain Range sits to the south from Sanxing to Su'ao.[5]
The Upper Lanyang River is steep and the rapid current is highly erosive. Large amount of silt carried by the river have little time to settle because of the high slope of the lands where it flows out of the mountains and valleys. An alluvial fan is formed as a result of scattered sand and gravel settling down. Large amount of gravel accumulate in the shallow stream bed, creating alluvial fans that often forms into web-like pattern. The river tends to change courses after floods caused by heavy rainfall or river overflow. The Lanyang River slows down as it reaches mid and downstream where silt begins to settle.
Yilan County is located in the northeastern Taiwan Island which covers an area of 2,143 km2. The longest distance from east to west is 63 km and from north to south is 74 km. From the mountain areas downwards, the land falls in altitude in the stages of mountains, alleys, alluvial plains, lowlands, swamps, sand hills and finally coastline.
Government
Yilan County is administered as a county of Taiwan Province. Yilan City is the county seat which houses the Yilan County Government and Yilan County Council. The county is headed by a magistrate with the incumbent magistrate is Lin Tsung-hsien of the Democratic Progressive Party.
Elected magistrates
- Chen Ding-nan (陳定南) (1981-1989)
- Yu Shyi-kun (游錫堃) (1989-1997)
- Liu Shou-ch'eng (劉守成) (1997-2005)
- Lu Kuo-hua (呂國華) (2005-2009)
- Lin Tsung-hsien (林聰賢) (2009-)
Administrative divisions
Yilan County is divided into 1 city, 3 urban townships, 6 rural townships and 2 mountain indigenous townships.
| Name | Chinese |
|---|---|
| City | |
| Yilan City | 宜蘭市 |
| Urban townships | |
| Luodong Township | 羅東鎮 |
| Su'ao Township | 蘇澳鎮 |
| Toucheng Township | 頭城鎮 |
| Rural townships | |
| Dongshan Township | 冬山鄉 |
| Jiaoxi Township | 礁溪鄉 |
| Sanxing Township | 三星鄉 |
| Wujie Township | 五結鄉 |
| Yuanshan Township | 員山鄉 |
| Zhuangwei Township | 壯圍鄉 |
| Mountain indigenous townships | |
| Datong Township | 大同鄉 |
| Nan'ao Township | 南澳鄉 |
Politics
Yilan County voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator out of one seat to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2016 Republic of China legislative election.[6]
Demographics and culture
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1985 | 449,981 | — |
| 1990 | 450,943 | +0.2% |
| 1995 | 465,043 | +3.1% |
| 2000 | 465,186 | +0.0% |
| 2005 | 460,426 | −1.0% |
| 2010 | 460,486 | +0.0% |
| 2015 | 458,117 | −0.5% |
| Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior Population Census. | ||
Population
Today Han Chinese comprises the majority of the population in Yilan County.[2]
Education
Education related affairs in Yilan County is governed by the Education Department of Yilan County Government. The county houses several public and private universities and colleges such as the National Ilan University, Fo Guang University, Lan Yang Institute of Technology and St. Mary's Medicine Nursing and Management College.
Tourist attractions
- Guishan Island, an island located 10 km east of Toucheng Town
- Dolphin and whale watching[7]
- Northeast Coast National Scenic Area
- Jiaoxi Hot Springs (礁溪溫泉)[8]
- Wufongci Scenic Area (五峰旗風景區)[9]
- Taiping Mountain[10]
- Luodong Night Market[11]
- National Center for Traditional Arts
- Spring Onion Culture Museum
- Changpi Lake
- Old Dali Bridge
- Yilan Brick Kiln
Festivals
- Yilan International Children's Folklore and Folkgame Festival, “A dreamland for the children of Taiwan, a magnet for art from around the world, a garden of culture for the people of Ilan.” Seven years ago, these were the concepts that launched the first ICFFF, and over the years the people of Yilan have been making it happen step by step. Of all Taiwan’s folk festivals, the ICFFF is probably the best known internationally.
- Each summer, Dongshan River Water Park attracts countless children and the themes of the various years have become for many part of the collective memory. The number of people attending has grown each year since the festival was first held in 1996, surpassing one million visits for the first time in 2002. Not only does the event enrich Yilan’s cultural soil and create business opportunities, it offers a highly successful example which other cities and counties across Taiwan can draw on as they also attempt to bring more culture and art into the life of their communities.
- Started from 2004, Yilan Green International Film Festival (GIFT; Chinese: 宜蘭國際綠色影展) is a non-competition film festival which launch its 3rd edition from 28/4 to 06/5, 2006. GIFT also aims to build up an archive collecting the selected works for the purposes of relevant research as well as education. GIFT is an international film festival taking place in a beautiful country side of Taiwan. As always, our guests will notice the clean and peaceful landscape of Yilan County and the hospitality of Yilan people. We hope that GIFT is a film festival that could fulfill the expectations of all kind of the audience
- Yilan International Collegiate Invitational Regatta[12]
- Yilan Green Expo started from 2000. The Expo hold in spring every year and always locate on Wulaokeng, Su'ao. The spindle of Expo normally has three parts and there are agricultural life, ecological conservation, sustainable future. It attracts 300~400 thousand people every year in average.[13]
Transportation
Rail
The Yilan Line and North-Link Line of Taiwan Railways Administration pass the county. Train stations within the two lines in the county are Shihcheng, Dali, Daxi, Guishan, Wai-ao, Toucheng, Dingpu, Jiaoxi, Sicheng, Yilan, Erjie, Zhongli, Luodong, Dongshan, Xinma, Su'aoxin, Su'ao, Yongle, Dong-ao, Wuta and Hanben Station.
Relative location
 |
 New Taipei City |
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 Taoyuan City Hsinchu County |
 |
Philippines Sea (Pacific Ocean) Okinawa,  Japan | ||
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 Hualien County |
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yilan County. |
 |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yilan County. |
References
- ↑ Campbell, William (1903). "Explanatory Notes". Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island. London: Kegan Paul. p. 543. OCLC 644323041.
- 1 2 http://www.e-land.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=2306&CtNode=533&mp=5
- ↑ http://www.e-land.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=2308&ctNode=533&mp=5
- ↑ http://www.e-land.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=2309&ctNode=533&mp=5
- ↑ http://www.e-land.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=2316&CtNode=534&mp=5
- ↑ "2016 The 14th Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and The 9th Legislator Election".
- ↑ Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Jiaosi Hot Springs". National Central Library.
- ↑ "Wufongci (Five-Peak Flag) Scenic Area". National Central Library.
- ↑ "Taipingshan". taiwan.com.au.
- ↑ Travel Bureau MOTC, R.O.C.
- ↑ regatta.ilc.edu.tw
- ↑ 宜蘭縣政府. "2016宜蘭綠色博覽會官方網站– 糧心". greenexpo.e-land.gov.tw. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
External links
- Yilan County Government Website (Chinese) (English)
- ICFFF website (Chinese)
- NE Coast National Scenic Area website (English)
- Wufongci Waterfall (Japanese)
- Yilan - A Natural Choice for Families
| Special municipalities (6) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Provincial cities (3) | ||
| Counties (13) | ||
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Cities and townships of Yilan County | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities | | |
| Urban townships | ||
| Rural townships | ||
| Mountain indigenous townships | ||