Hau Wong

Hau Wong Temple at Junction Road, Hong Kong

Hau Wong or Hou Wang (Chinese: 侯王; Jyutping: hau4 wong4) is a title that can be translated as "Prince Marquis" or "Holy Marquis". It is not any one person's name.[1] Hau Wong refers usually to Yeung Leung-jit (楊亮節), a loyal and courageous general. Despite his failing health, he remained in the army to protect the last emperor of Southern Song Dynasty when he took refuge southwards in Kowloon.[2]

Temples

Hong Kong

There are several temples dedicated to Hau Wong in Hong Kong, including six temples in Yuen Long.[3] These temples can be named Hau Wong Temple or Yeung Hau Temple (楊侯古廟). The table provides a partial list of these temples:
Note 1: A territory-wide grade reassessment of historic buildings is ongoing. The grades listed in the table are based on this update (10 September 2013). The temples with no status listed in the table below are not graded and do not appear in the list of historic buildings considered for grading.
Note 2: While most probably incomplete, this list is tentatively exhaustive.

Islands District

Location Notes Status References Photographs
Tai O, Lantau Island

22°15′33″N 113°51′46″E / 22.259088°N 113.86275°E / 22.259088; 113.86275 (Yeung Hau Temple, Tai O)

 The Yeung Hau Temple in Tai O was built in 1699.[4]

Pictures of Hau Wong Festival:

Grade I[5]
Tung Chung, Lantau Island

22°16′49″N 113°55′52″E / 22.280283°N 113.931228°E / 22.280283; 113.931228 (Hau Wong Temple, Tung Chung)

 This Hau Wong Temple was built in 1765[6] and is the largest Hau Wong temple in Lantau island.[7] Grade II[5]
Shek Pik, Lantau Island Inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960.[6] Non extant

Kowloon City District

Location Notes Status References Photographs
Kowloon City. At the junction of Tung Tau Tsuen Road and Junction Road, right opposite the Kowloon Walled City Park.

22°19′58″N 114°11′15″E / 22.332783°N 114.187464°E / 22.332783; 114.187464 (Hau Wong Temple, Kowloon City)

 This Hau Wong Temple was built around 1730.[8] If coming off Lok Fu Station and walk southward, the temple is at the junction of Tung Tau Tsuen Road near Kowloon City Plaza. Historic characters in the temple is said to have been worked on by Chang Yu-tang, Commodore of Dapeng, general of Kowloon Walled City. It is believed that Emperor Bing of Song and his brother Emperor Duanzong of Song made their last stance in the Song Dynasty.[9] Previously Grade I,[5] now declared

Sha Tin District

Location Notes Status References Photographs
Tai Wai Village, Tai Wai, Sha Tin District

22°22′34″N 114°10′41″E / 22.376043°N 114.178108°E / 22.376043; 114.178108 (Hau Wong Temple, Tai Wai Village)

 Built in 1983.[10] It replaced an earlier temple, probably built in 1884 and demolished in 1982.[11]

Pictures of Hau Wong Festival:

Not listed

Yuen Long District

Location Notes Status References Photographs
Hang Tau Tsuen, next to Sheung Cheung Wai, Ping Shan, Yuen Long District

22°26′47″N 114°00′28″E / 22.446447°N 114.0077°E / 22.446447; 114.0077 (Yeung Hau Temple, Hang Tau Tsuen)

 This Yeung Hau Temple is partly dedicated to Hau Wong. The temple is part of the Ping Shan Heritage Trail.[12][13] Grade III[5]
Tong Yan San Tsuen, Ping Shan, Yuen Long District

22°26′02″N 114°00′45″E / 22.433877°N 114.012505°E / 22.433877; 114.012505 (Yeung Hau Temple, Tong Yan San Tsuen)

 This Yeung Hau Temple is also known as Yee Ling Temple and Za Ling Temple. Situated to the east of Tong Yan San Tsuen near Sha Tseng Road, it was built before 1711.[14] Grade III[5]
Tung Tau Tsuen (東頭村), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District

22°27′13″N 113°59′35″E / 22.453628°N 113.993086°E / 22.453628; 113.993086 (Yeung Hau Temple, Tung Tau Tsuen (Ha Tsuen))

 Yeung Hau Temple. Declared[15]
San Wai (新圍), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District

22°27′10″N 113°59′23″E / 22.452783°N 113.989659°E / 22.452783; 113.989659 (Yeung Hau Temple, San Wai (Ha Tsuen))

 This Yeung Hau Temple was renovated in 1901. It serves as the social venue which plays the dual roles as a temple and an ancestral hall of San Wai. Basin meal feasts are organized in front of the Temple during Yeung Hau Festival and Lunar New Year.[16] no grade
Sik Kong Wai (錫降圍), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District

22°26′56″N 113°59′32″E / 22.448985°N 113.992194°E / 22.448985; 113.992194 (Yeung Hau Temple, Sik Kong Wai)

 This Yeung Hau Temple is situated at Sik Kong Wai, a Tangs' walled village in Ha Tsuen with its name recorded in the Xin'an Gazetteer of 1820.[17] no grade
No. 26C Cheung Shing Street, Yuen Long Kau Hui, Yuen Long

22°26′50″N 114°01′57″E / 22.447341°N 114.032422°E / 22.447341; 114.032422 (Tai Wong Temple, Cheung Shing Street)

 This Tai Wong Temple was probably built between 1662-1722. It is the main temple of Nam Pin Wai as well as Yuen Long Kau Hui.[18] It was built for the worship of the two "Tai Wongs", Hung Shing and Yeung Hau.[19] Other than for worship, the temple was a venue for solving disputes and discussing market affairs among the villagers.[20] It also once served as a yamen and the officials lived there.[18] Grade I
Wong Uk Tsuen, Yuen Long District

22°26′54″N 114°02′17″E / 22.448398°N 114.037999°E / 22.448398; 114.037999 (Yi Shing Temple, Wong Uk Tsuen)

 Yi Shing Temple (二聖宮) in Wong Uk Tsuen is conventionally called Tai Wong Temple. It is mainly for the worship of Hung Shing and Yeung Hau deities. Renovation was carried out in 1924. It still acts as an alliance temple of the Tung Tau Alliance formed by the seven villages around Tai Wai Tsuen. In the old days, the temple operated a credit society serving the alliance villages.[21][22] No grade
Yuen Kong Tsuen (元崗村), Pat Heung, Yuen Long District

22°25′32″N 114°04′40″E / 22.425563°N 114.077705°E / 22.425563; 114.077705 (Chung Shing Temple, Yuen Kong Tsuen)

 Chung Shing Temple (眾聖宮, Temple of All Saints). The main deity of the temple is Pak Tai with some others including Hau Wong and the Earth God.[23] Grade III

Outside Hong Kong

Location Notes Status References Photographs
Herberton Road in Atherton, Queensland, Australia The Hou Wang Temple is dedicated to bodyguard commander Yang Liang Chieh in 1280 AD, who was responsible for the life of the 8 year old Emperor Bing of Song losing to the Mongols in the falling Song Dynasty[24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Frederick, Holder. Livernash, Edward James. [1892] (1892). The Californian Illustrated Magazine: December, 1892 to May 1893 Volume III. The Californian Publishing Company. No ISBN digitized text
  2. ↑ Chinese Temples Committee website
  3. ↑ Antiquities and Monuments Office website
  4. ↑ Hau Wong Temple, Tai O, on the Chinese Temples Committee website
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 List of Graded Historic Buildings in Hong Kong (as at 6 November 2009)
  6. 1 2 "Distribution of temples on Lantau Island as recorded in 1979", in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 20, 1980. p.138
  7. ↑ Tung Chung Hau Wong Temple
  8. ↑ Hau Wong Temple, Junction Road, on the Chinese Temples Committee website
  9. ↑ Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0
  10. ↑ Tai Wai Walled Village and its Hau Wong Temple
  11. ↑ "Old Hau Wong Temple, Tai Wai, Sha Tin", in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 23, 1983. p.233-240
  12. ↑ Ping Shan Trail at hkoutdoors.com
  13. ↑ Ping Shan Heritage Trail - Yeung Hau Temple, Hang Tau Tsuen
  14. ↑ Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings. Item #1045
  15. ↑ Declared Monuments in Hong Kong - Tung Tau Tsuen, Ha Tsuen Yeung Hau Temple
  16. ↑ Brief Information on No Grade Items, pp.496-497
  17. ↑ Brief Information on No Grade Items, pp.361-362
  18. 1 2 Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings, p.178
  19. ↑ thaiworldview.com - Nam Pin Wai and Sai Pin Wai villages
  20. ↑ Brief Information on Proposed Grade I Items, p.354
  21. ↑ Brief Information on No Grade Items, pp.214-215
  22. ↑ Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings, p.1207
  23. ↑ Brief Information on Grade III Items. Item #1065
  24. ↑ Houwang. "Houwang." Australian Temple website. Retrieved on 2007-05-08.
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