Yakovlev UT-1

Yakovlev UT-1

Yakovlev UT-1
Role	Trainer/fighter trainer/aerobatic
National origin	USSR
Manufacturer	Yakolvlev
Designer	Aleksandr Sergeyevich Yakovlev
First flight	1936
Number built	1,241

The Yakovlev UT-1 (Russian: УТ-1) was a single-seater trainer aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force from 1937 until the late 1940s.

Development

The UT-1 was designed as a single-seater advanced trainer and aerobatic airplane by the team led by Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev. The first prototype, designated the AIR-14, was flown in early 1936.^[1] The AIR-14 was a small low-winged monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, with a welded steel fuselage and wooden wings.

After some changes, the AIR-14 was accepted for production. Among other improvements, the 75 kW (100 hp) Shvetsov M-11 radial was changed to the more powerful 86 kW (115 hp) M-11G. The plane received the designation UT-1 (uchebno-trenirovochnyi {учебно-тренировочный}, primary/advanced trainer); despite this designation, it was not suitable for primary training.

The UT-1 was used as a transitional type between the UT-2 and fighters like the I-16. It was not easy to fly, requiring precise piloting, thus forming an ideal intermediate between basic trainers and the maneuverable but difficult-to-fly I-16. In 1939 the plane was modified by moving the engine 26 cm (10 in) forward, which improved its handling. During production, the 112 kW (150 hp) M-11E engine was also used. Soviet pilots broke several records with the UT-1 before World War II, some with its floatplane variant. In total, 1,241 aircraft were built between December 1936 and 1940.^[1]

Germans inspecting UT-1

During World War II, from 1941, the UT-1 was also used for reconnaissance. Some were used as improvised combat machines, after fitting with underwing machine guns or even two unguided rockets. In February 1942, about 50 UT-1 were converted in workshops as improvised UT-1B (УТ-1б) ground-attack planes, fitted with two machine guns and two-four rockets. They were next used in Black Sea Fleet aviation in Sevastopol and Caucasus. The survivors were disarmed in December 1942.

Variants

There were a large number of variants, the most numerous or noteworthy were:-

AIR-14 - Prototype of UT-1
AIR-18 - UT-1 with a 104 kW (140 hp) Renault Bengali 4 inline engine and closed canopy, retractable undercarriage.
AIR-21 (Ya-21, UT-21) - UT-1 with 164 kW (220 hp) Renault Bengali 6 engine, tested in 1938-39, fixed undercarriage.
UT-1B - Wartime attack version with two ShKAS machine guns and two or four RS-82 rockets.
UT-1E - (UT-1(15) For tests at TsAGI (sometimes confused with AIR-15, which was not a variant of UT-1).
UT-1 Floatplane - with M-11Ye engine which later became standard in the majority of UT-1's.

Operators

Soviet Union

China

Chinese Nationalist Air Force

Specifications (UT-1 with M-11Ye)

Data from Gordon 2005 and Gunston 1995

General characteristics

Crew: one
Length: 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in)
Wingspan: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
Height: 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in)
Wing area: 9.58 m² (103 ft²)
Empty weight: 429 kg (946 lb)
Gross weight: 597.5 kg (1,317.5 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-11Ye, 111 kW (150 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 257 km/h (160 mph)
Range: 670 km (419 miles)
Service ceiling: 7,120 m (23,360 ft)
Rate of climb: 7.4 m/s (1,457 ft/min)

Armament

2 x 7.7mm ShKAS machine guns (Attack version)
2 or 4 x RS-82 (Raketnyy Snaryad) (Attack Version)

Notes

1 2 Gunston 1995, 457

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yakovlev UT-1.

Gordon, Yefim. (1989). OKB Yakovlev. London: Ian Allan. pp. 36 to 45.
Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995. London: Osprey.

Yakovlev aircraft

Early aircraft	AIR-1 AIR-2 AIR-3 AIR-4 AIR-5 AIR-6 AIR-7 AIR-8 AIR-9 AIR-10 AIR-11 AIR-12 AIR-14 AIR-15 AIR-16 AIR-17 AIR-18 Ya-19 Ya-20 Ya-21 Ya-22

Fighters	Yak-1 Yak-3 Yak-7 Yak-9 Yak-15 Yak-17 Yak-23 Yak-25 (II) Yak-28 Yak-38

Bombers	Yak-2 Yak-4 Yak-28

Transports	Yak-6 Yak-10 Yak-12 Yak-14 Yak-18T Yak-40 Yak-42 Yak-58 Yak-112 Yak-242

Reconnaissance	Yak-25 Yak-27 Pchela

Helicopter	Yak-24 Yak-100

Trainers	UT-1 UT-2 Yak-7 Yak-11 Yak-17 Yak-18 Yak-21 Yak-28 Yak-30 (II) Yak-32 Yak-50 (II) Yak-52 Yak-53 Yak-54 Yak-55 Yak-130 Yak-152 Yak-200 Yak-210

Experimental	EG Yak-5 Yak-8 Yak-13 Yak-16 Yak-19 Yak-25 (I) Yak-26 Yak-30 (I) Yak-36 Yak-41 Yak-43 Yak-44 Yak-46 Yak-50 (I) Yak-60 Yak-140 Yak-1000

Soviet military aircraft during World War II

Fighters	I-15 I-153 I-16 LaGG-3 La-5 La-7 MiG-1 МiG-3 Pe-3 Yak-1 Yak-3 Yak-7 Yak-9

Bombers	Ar-2 DB-3 Il-4 Pе-2 Pе-8 SB Su-2 ТB-3 Тu-2 Yak-4 Yer-2

Ground attack	Il-2 Il-10

Trainers	UT-1 UT-2

Transporters · Gliders	А-7 G-11 КC-20 Li-2 Sh-2

Reconnaissance	Be-4 MBR-2 MDR-6 Po-2 R-5 R-10(KhAI-5) R-Z

Prototypes	ANT-58 BI-1 I-28 (Yak-5) I-30 I-180 I-185 I-250 IS-1 ITP TIS Zveno

Aerobatics

Aircraft	List of aerobatic aircraft

Competitions	European Gliding Championships FAI European Aerobatic Championships FAI World Aerobatic Championships FAI World Grand Prix Red Bull Air Race World Championship World Gliding Championships

Maneuvers	Loop (Inside & Outside) Aileron roll Barrel roll Cuban Eight Falling leaf Hesitation roll Immelmann turn Kulbit Lomcevak Pugachev's Cobra Slip Spin Split S Stall Turn/Hammerhead Tailslide The Scissors Whifferdill turn Zurabatic Cartwheel

Organizations	British Aerobatic Association Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (Aresti Catalog) International Aerobatic Club International Miniature Aerobatic Club

Pilots	Cecilia R. Aragon Hannes Arch Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad Lincoln J. Beachey Péter Besenyei Ladislav Bezák Marta Bohn-Meyer Paul Bonhomme Pip Borrman Kirby Chambliss Julie Clark Marion Cole Vicki Cruse Mario de Bernardi Glen Dell Matthias Dolderer Wilhelm Düerkop Walter Extra Markus Feyerabend Gerhard Fieseler Jozef Gabris Michael Goulian Matt Hall Wayne Handley Ray Hanna Charlie Hillard Bob Hoover Bevo Howard Petr Jirmus Steve Jones Jurgis Kairys Georgij Kaminski Svetlana Kapanina Sándor Katona Charlie Kulp Anatoly Kvochur Nigel Lamb Jim LeRoy François Le Vot Leo Loudenslager Nancy Lynn Alejandro Maclean Pete McLeod Jerzy Makula Stanisław Makula Mikhail Mamistov Mike Mangold Scott Manning Catherine Maunoury Neil Williams Pyotr Nesterov Alexandr Panfierov Ivy May Pearce Adolphe Pégoud František Peřina Tom Poberezny Maciej Pospieszyński Sergey Rakhmanin Amelia Reid Olaf Schmidt Art Scholl Klaus Schrodt Betty Skelton Erde Skip Stewart Martin Šonka Gene Soucy Chris Sperou Victor Tchmal Reinhold Tiling Ferenc Tóth Sean D. Tucker Nick Turvey Ernst Udet Gabor Varga Juan Velarde Frank Versteegh Patty Wagstaff Kermit Weeks Walter Wolfrum Janusz Żurakowski

Other	3D Radio control Virtual Festival of Aerobatic Teams

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