Xyloiuloidea
| Xyloiuloidea Temporal range: Lower Devonian–Pennsylvanian[1] | |
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| Xyloiulus mazonus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Superorder: | Juliformia |
| Order: | incertae sedis |
| Superfamily: | †Xyloiuloidea Cook, 1895 |
| Families | |
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Xyloiuloidea is an extinct superfamily of millipedes known from the Lower Devonian through the Upper Pennsylvanian of Europe and North America.
Description
Xyloiuloids are more or less cylindrical, with sternites, pleurites, and tergites of each body segment fused into a complete ring. Adults possess 40 to 50 body rings. The legs are no longer than half the height of the body. The body surface is marked by small parallel grooves (striations), which vary in surface coverage between xyloiuloid families.[1]
Taxonomy
Xyloiuloidea comprises four families:
- †Gaspestriidae
- †Nyraniidae
- †Plagiascetidae
- †Xyloiulidae
The taxonomic history of Xyloiuloidea begins with Orator F. Cook designating the family Xyloiulidae in 1895. In 1969, Richard L. Hoffman established the families Nyraniidae and Plagiascetidae, and placed all three extinct families in the extant (still-living) order Spirobolida, as suborder "Xyloiulidea".[2] In 2006, two new species were described and placed in the new family Gaspestriidae, and group was reassigned as a superfamily of uncertain status (incertae sedis) within the juliform millipedes, a group that includes the cylindrical, fused-bodied orders Spirobolida, Spirostreptida, and Julida.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 Wilson, Heather M. (2006). "Juliformian millipedes from the lower Devonian of Euramerica: implications for the timing of millipede cladogenesis in the Paleozoic". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 638–649. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[638:JMFTLD]2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Hoffman, Richard L., 1969. Myriapoda, exclusive of Insecta. R572–R606. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Vol. 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS.
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