XII International Brigade

This article is about the Spanish Civil War unit also known as the Garibaldi Brigade. For the WWII Italian resistance partisan formation, see Garibaldi Brigades.

XII International Brigade (12th Mixed Brigade)

Active	1936–1939
Country	Mostly Italian
Allegiance	Spain
Branch	International Brigades
Type	Mixed Brigade - Infantry
Role	Home Defence
Part of	14th Division (1937) 11th Division (1937) 35th Division (1937) 45th Division (1937-1939)
Garrison/HQ	Albacete, Barcelona
Nickname(s)	Brigada Garibaldi
Engagements	Spanish Civil War
Commanders
Notable commanders	Máté Zalka Randolfo Pacciardi

The XII International Brigade was mustered on 7 November 1936 at Albacete, Spain. It was formerly named the Garibaldi Brigade, after the most famous and inspiring leader in the Italian Independence Wars, General Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Structure

Its first commanding officer was a Soviet advisor of Hungarian origin, Gen. "Pavol Lukács" (Máté Zalka), who went on to command the 45th Division of the Spanish Republican Army (he was killed during the Huesca Offensive), and its first political commisar was Gustav Regler.^[1]

The brigade included, among others, the following battalions:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Garibaldi Battalion – Albanian, Italian and Spanish volunteers, led by Randolfo Pacciardi.^[5]
André Marty Battalion – Franco-Belgian volunteers (named after André Marty).
Dabrowski Battalion also known as the Dombrowski Battalion – exiled Polish volunteers
Thaelmann Battalion – German and Austrian volunteers (named after Ernst Thälmann), led by Ludwig Renn.^[6]
Figlio Battalion – Spanish volunteers
Madrid Battalion – Spanish volunteers
Prieto Battalion – Spanish volunteers

The Brigade fought in the battles of Madrid,^[7] the Corunna Road,^[8] Guadalajara,^[9] Guadarrama^[10] and Brunete.^[11]

References

↑ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
↑ Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Appendix III
↑ (Spanish) EPR Order of Battle Website
↑ (Spanish) Associació Catalana Website Archived 29 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
↑ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
↑ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 179
↑ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. pp. 190 and 192
↑ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. pp. 580–581
↑ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 277
↑ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 280

Bibliography

Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. ISBN 0-14-303765-X
Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. ISBN 978-0-14-101161-5

Mixed brigades of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th XI XII XIII XIV XIV Bis XV 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th 41st 42nd 43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th 48th 49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th 118th 119th 120th 121st 122nd 123rd 124th 125th 126th 127th 128th CXXIX 130th 131st 132nd 133rd 134th 135th 136th 137th 138th 139th 140th 141st 142nd 143rd 144th 145th 146th 147th 148th 149th 150th CL 151st 152nd 153rd 154th 155th 156th 157th 158th 159th 160th 161st 162nd 163rd 164th 165th 166th 167th 168th 169th 170th 171st 172nd 173rd 174th 175th 176th 177th 177th 179th 180th 181st 182nd 183rd 184th 185th 186th 187th 188th 189th 190th 191st 192nd 193rd 194th 195th 196th 197th 198th 199th 200th 201st 202nd 203rd 204th 205th 206th 207th 208th 209th 210th 211th 212th 213th 214th 215th 216th 217th 218th 219th 220th 221st 222nd 223rd 224th 225th 226th 227th 228th 229th 230th 231st 232nd 233rd 234th 235th 236th 237th 238th 239th 240th 241st 242nd 243rd 244th 245th 246th

International Brigades (in Roman numerals) Fifth Regiment Central Region Army Group Eastern Region Army Group List of Spanish Republican divisions

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XII International Brigade

Structure

See also

References

Bibliography