Writers of Guru Granth Sahib

Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ;Hindi: गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब;[ɡʊɾu ɡɾəntʰ sɑhɪb]), is the central religious text of Sikhism, considered by Sikhs to be the final sovereign Guru of the religion.[1] It is a voluminous text of 1430 Angs (pages), containing hymns of 36 saint mystics which includes Sikh Gurus, Sikh Bhagats, Sikh Bhatts and other Gursikhs.

Details

Background Details and No. of Hymns
Name Timeline Background Caste/Tribe/Profession No. of Hymns
Bhagat Kabir 14th Century Born Muslim, later became Vaishnav Hindu Julaha 523
Bhagat Ravidas 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Chamar 41
Bhagat Namdev 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Chimba 62
Bhagat Trilochan 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Vaishya 5
Bhagat Ramanand 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Brahmin 1
Bhagat Sadhana 14th Century Muslim Qassab (Butcher) 1
Bhagat Parmanand 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Brahmin 1
Bhagat Jaidev 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Brahmin 2
Bhagat Dhanna 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Jat 4
Bhagat Bhikhan 14th Century Muslim Sayyid 2
Bhagat Beni 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Brahmin 3
Bhagat Pipa 14th Century Shaiv|Vaishnav Hindu Rajput 1
Bhagat Sain 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Nai 1
Bhagat Surdas 14th Century Vaishnav Hindu Brahmin 2
Guru Nanak 15th Century Gurmukh from birth Kshatriya 950
Guru Angad 15th Century Shaiv Hindu, Became Gurmukh after gurship Kshatriya 63
Guru Amar Das 15th Century Vaishnav Hindu, Became Gurmukh after gurship Kshatriya 869
Baba Sundar 15th Century Vaishnav Hindu Kshatriya 6
Sheikh Farid 12th Century Sufi Islam Sayyid 123
Guru Ram Das 15th Century N/A - Gurmukh from birth Kshatriya 638
Guru Arjan 15th Century N/A - Gurmukh from birth Kshatriya 2312
Satta Doom 15th Century Muslim Mirasi 3
Balvand Rai 15th Century Muslim Mirasi 3
Bhatt Kalshar 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 54
Bhatt Balh 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 5
Bhatt Bhalh 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 1
Bhatt Bhika 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 2
Bhatt Gayand 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 13
Bhatt Harbans 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 2
Bhatt Jalap 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 5
Bhatt Kirat 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 8
Bhatt Mathura 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 14
Bhatt Nalh 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 16
Bhatt Salh 15th Century Hindu Brahmin 3
Guru Tegh Bahadur 15th Century N/A - Gurmukh from birth Kshatriya 116

Categorization of Authors

Generally, Scholars categorize authors of Guru Granth Sahib into four groups:

  1. Sikh Gurus
  2. Sikh Bhagats
  3. Sikh Bhatts
  4. Gursikhs

Sikh Gurus

Main article: Sikh gurus

Philosophically, Sikhs are bound to believe in Shabad Guru but general belief is that The Sikh Gurus established Sikhism over the centuries, beginning in the year 1469. There are 6 Sikh Gurus whose hymns are present in Guru Granth Sahib:

Sikh Bhagats

In above list, The Sikh Bhagats (Punjabi: ਭਗਤ, from Sanskrit भक्त) were holy men of various sects whose teachings are included in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Their bani come under title Bani Bhagtaan Ki. The word "Bhagat" means devotee, and comes from the Sanskrit word Bhakti, which means devotion and love. Bhagats evolved a belief in one God that preceded Bhagat Kabir selected the writings of The Great Hindu Bhaktis and Sufi saints.

Among above, below is the list of Bhagats:[2]

Sikh Bhatts

Many Hindu Saraswat Brahmins started follow the word of Guru Nanak Dev known as Bhatts. There are 11 Sikh Bhatts whose bani is included in Guru Granth Sahib:

Controversial Authors:Mardana and Tall

There are two more writers of present recension of Adi Granth which is matter of debate among various scholars: Bhai Mardana and Bhatt Tall.

As per various scholars:

References

  1. ↑ Keene, Michael (2003). Online Worksheets. Nelson Thornes. p. 38. ISBN 0-7487-7159-X.
  2. ↑ Bahri, H.; Bansal, G.S.; Puran, B.; Singh, B.; Singh, B.; Buxi, L.S.; Chawla, H.S.; Chawla, S.S.; Das, D.; Dass, N.; et al. (2000). "4. Bhagats and Saints" (PDF). Studies. 63 (2): 169–93. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
  3. ↑ Page 553, Adi Granth, Translation of Sant Singh Khalsa
  4. ↑ ਇਸ ਸਲੋਕ ਮੈਂ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਮਰਦਾਨੇ ਕੇ ਪੂਛਨੇ ਸੇ ਤਿਸ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਤਿ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਤਾ ਅਰੁ ਮਨਮੁਖਤਾ ਕੀ ਮਦਰਾ ਕਾ ਰੂਪੁ ਬਰਨਨ ਕਰਤੇ ਹੈਂ ਔਰੁ ਦੋ ਪਰਕਾਰ ਕੀ ਮਦਿਰਾ ਮਨਮੁਖੋਂ ਕੀ ਔਰੁ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੋਂ ਕੀ ਕਹੀ ਹੈ॥ ਪ੍ਰਥਮ ਮਨਮੁਖੋਂ ਕੀ ਮਦਿਰਾ ਕਹਤੇ ਹੈਂ॥: Fareedkoti Teeka, Adi Granth
  5. ↑ ਟਲ' ਜੀ ਕਹਤੇ ਹੈਂ ਹੇ ਭਾਈ ਐਸੇ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੋਂ ਕੋ ਸਹਜ ਸੁਭਾਵਕ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਹੀ ਸੇਵੀਐ ਹੇ ਭਾਈ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੋਂ ਕੇ ਦਰਸਨ ਕਰਨੇ ਤੇ ਜਨਮ ਮਰਨ ਦੁਖ ਜਾਤਾ ਰਹਿਤਾ ਹੈ॥੧੦॥: Page 1392, Teeka Fareedkoti, Adi Granth
  6. ↑ Page 1392: ਟਲ = ਹੇ ਟੱਲ! ਹੇ ਕਲ੍ਯ੍ਯ! ਹੇ ਕਲ੍ਯ੍ਯਸਹਾਰ!: Teeka by Professor Sahib Singh, Adi Granth
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