Ways of Seeing
 | |
| Author | John Berger |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | René Magritte |
| Country | U.K. |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Art, architecture, photography |
| Publisher | Penguin |
Publication date | 1972 |
| Pages | 166 |
| ISBN | 0-14-013515-4 |
| OCLC | 23135054 |
Ways of Seeing is a 1972 BBC four-part television series of 30-minute films created chiefly by writer John Berger and producer Mike Dibb. Berger's scripts were adapted into a book of the same name. The series and book criticize traditional Western cultural aesthetics by raising questions about hidden ideologies in visual images. The series is partially a response to Kenneth Clark's Civilisation series, which represents a more traditionalist view of the Western artistic and cultural canon.
Description
The book Ways of Seeing was written by Berger and Dibb, along with Sven Blomberg, Chris Fox, and Richard Hollis.[1] The book consists of seven numbered essays: four using words and images; and three essays using only images.[1] The book has contributed to feminist readings of popular culture, through essays that focus particularly on how women are portrayed in advertisements and oil paintings.[2] Ways of Seeing is considered a seminal text for current studies of visual culture and art history.
The first part of the television series drew on ideas from Walter Benjamin's The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction arguing that through reproduction an Old Master's painting's modern context is severed from that which existed at the time of its making. The second film discusses the female nude. Berger asserts that only twenty or thirty old masters depict a woman as herself rather than as a subject of male idealisation or desire. The third programme is on the use of oil paint as a means of depicting or reflecting the status of the individuals who commissioned the work of art. In the fourth programme, on publicity and advertising, Berger argues that colour photography has taken over the role of oil paint, though the context is reversed. An idealised potential for the viewer (via consumption) is considered a substitution for the actual reality depicted in old master portraits.
Notes
- 1 2 Berger, John (1973). Ways of seeing. London: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books. ISBN 9780563122449.
- ↑ Danuta Walters, Suzanna (2001), "Pride and prejudice: the changing context of gay visibility", in Danuta Walters, Suzanna, All the rage: the story of gay visibility in America, Chicago: Chicago University Press, p. 51-52, ISBN 9780226872322. Preview.
References
- Fuery, Patrick; Fuery, Kelli (2003). Visual Cultures and Critical Theory. London: Hodder Arnold Publications. ISBN 978-0-340-80748-4. OCLC 52056670.
Further reading
- Bruck, Jan; Docker, John (1989). "Puritanic Relationalism: John Berger's Ways of Seeing and Media and Culture Studies". Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media & Culture. 2 (2): 77–95. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
- Chandler, Daniel (30 June 1998). "Notes on 'The Gaze': John Berger's Ways of Seeing". Aberystwyth: University of Wales. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
- Dillon, George (October 2013). "Illustrations and Amplifications for John Berger's Ways of Seeing". Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
- Saxton Acker, John (ed.). "John Berger [An extended quotation from an episode of Ways of Seeing]". Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 2016-04-22.