Vollard Suite

The Vollard Suite is a set of 100 etchings in the neoclassical style by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, produced from 1930-37. Named for the art dealer who commissioned them, Ambroise Vollard (1866-1939), the suite is in a number of museums, and individual etchings from the suite are collectible. More than 300 sets were created, but many were broken up and the prints sold separately.[1]

History

In 1930 Picasso was commissioned to produce the etchings by the art dealer and publisher Ambroise Vollard in exchange for paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne.[2]

Picasso worked extensively on the set in the spring of 1933 and completed the suite in 1937.[2] It took a further two years for the printmaker Roger Lacourière to finish printing the 230 full sets, but the death of Vollard in 1939 and the Second World War meant that the sets only started coming onto the art market in the 1950s.[2]

A 1971 exhibition of the suite in Madrid was attacked by a paramilitary group, the Guerrilleros del Christo Rey (Warriors of Christ the King) who tore the pictures, and poured acid over the prints. The group attacked things associated with Spanish exiles like Picasso who aligned themselves with the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War.[3] A spinning residential building in Brazil was named Suite Vollard after the suite.[4]

A complete set is owned by the National Gallery of Australia,[5] and a complete set was acquired by the British Museum in 2011 after a donation of £1 million from financier Hamish Parker, a director of Mondrian Investment Partners. The donation was in memory of Parker's father, Major Horace Parker.[1] It had been the British Museum's ambition to own the set, and the acquisistion was described by the museums director, Neil MacGregor, as "one of the institution's most important acquisitions of the past 50 years".[1]

The series

The works are not based on a literary source, and are not titled, although according to the Fundación Juan March, "Some of the themes have a remote origin in Honoré de Balzac’s short story Le Chef-d’oeuvre inconnu (The Unknown Masterpiece, 1831), which greatly impressed Picasso. It tells the story of a painter’s efforts to capture life itself on canvas through the means of feminine beauty".[6] The works are inscribed by Picasso with the year month and day that he drew the image.[2] Writing in the Daily Telegraph Richard Dorment claims that as Picasso took such a long time to create the suite, "the imagery and the emotional register of the prints constantly shifts to reflect Picasso's erotic and artistic obsessions, marital vicissitudes, and the darkening political situation in Europe...In the years Picasso worked on the series, fascism spread through Europe, and civil war erupted in Spain. These anxieties also found their way into the Vollard Suite, so that by the time you reach the end of the show and the last images of the blind minotaur, you feel that you are in a different emotional universe from the sunlit arcadia you encountered at the show’s beginning".[2]

The suite begins with prints exploring the theme of the sculptor's studio, Picasso's mistress, Marie-Thérèse Walter, is portrayed as a model lying in the arms of a bearded sculptor. Picasso had recently been inspired by Marie-Thérèse to create a series of monumental bronze heads in the neoclassical style.[2] Picasso had also recently been commissioned by the publisher Albert Skira in 1928 to create original intaglio prints for his translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, which appeared in 1931.[5]

Dorment comments that a minotaur appears, joining in scenes of bacchic excess, but the minotaur is transformed from a gentle lover and bon vivant into a rapist and devourer of women, reflecting Picasso's turbulent relationships with Marie-Thérèse and his wife Olga.[2] In a third transformation, the minotaur becomes pathetic, blind and impotent, he wanders by night, led by a little girl with the features of Marie-Thérèse.[2] The final three prints from the suite are portraits of Vollard.[7]

Picasso learnt new techniques of etching during the suite, from relatively simple line etchings, through dry point and aquatinting and sugar aquatinting, this enabled him to achieve more painterly effects.[2] Most of the prints were completed to Picasso's satisfaction in a single state, but others, especially the erotic compositions, exist in several states, fourteen in one case.

Collectors

Collections with complete sets
Owners of individual etchings

References

  1. 1 2 3 Anita Singh (2011-11-29). "City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Richard Dormant (2012-05-08). "Picasso, The Vollard Suite, British Museum, review". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  3. ↑ Gijs Van Hensbergen (1 October 2005). Guernica. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 268–. ISBN 978-0-7475-6873-5. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  4. ↑ Jane Kinsman (2009-03-07). "Monitor:Revolutionary Buildings". The Economist. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  5. 1 2 Jane Kinsman. "Vollard Suite". National Gallery of Australia. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  6. ↑ Vollard Suite, Museo de Arte Abstracto Español (Fundación Juan March)
  7. ↑ "Vollard Suite". Tate. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  8. ↑ , accessed May 9, 2016
  9. ↑ Metropolitan Museum of Manila, accessed May 19, 2012
  10. ↑ Prints, Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, accessed May 19, 2012
  11. ↑ Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth web page
  12. ↑ The Graphic Collection at Museum Ludwig, accessed May 19, 2012
  13. ↑ http://www.ciudadccs.info/?p=247389
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ Eric R. Kandel (1 March 2007). In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-0-393-32937-7. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  16. ↑ , accessed May 19, 2012

Further reading

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