Violet ray
A violet ray is an antique medical appliance used during the early 20th century in the obsolete medical therapy called electrotherapy. Their construction usually feature a combination of a disruptive discharge coil with an interrupter to apply a high voltage, high frequency, and low current to the human body for therapeutic purposes.[1] Their basic construction was invented prior to 1900 by Nikola Tesla, who introduced their first prototypes at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. Most of the antique violet rays in the US were produced before the Depression era and some of the larger US manufacturers of violet rays were Renulife, Fitzgerald and Fisher. Companies who manufactured violet ray devices, made many other types of electrical appliances as well, e.g. Star Electric, which also manufactured stock ticker machines. Many of the companies who were able to continue manufacturing violet rays after the depression, stopped making them due to World War II when they began manufacturing radio coils or other electrical components for the war instead.
A typical violet ray device consisted of an ungrounded electrical control box that controlled the interrupter and which housed the magneto coil, and an attached bakelite or other handle housing which contained the high voltage coil and an insertion port for attachments. Glass evacuated tubes of varying shapes and for different therapeutic uses could be inserted into the bakelite handle to apply the resulting current to different parts of the body.
Violet ray treatments were said to cure everything from lumbago to carbuncles. From an antique Master Violet Ray manual c. 1920 comes this treatment advice:
Brain Fog - Use Applicator No. I over forehead and eyes. Also treat the back of head and neck with strong current in direct contact with the skin. Treat the spine and hold the electrode in the hand. Ozone inhalations for about four minutes are also of importance.
For catarrh, this treatment was directed:
Catarrh, Nasal - In this condition the Nasal Tube is used within the nose with a mild current within the nasal passage, two to five minutes on each side, followed by an application with the Surface Electrode externally over the area of the nose. Use Ozone Generator.
Legal actions
During the 1940s and 1950s, makers of violet ray devices were subjected to numerous lawsuits and multiple actions by the US government including recalls, seizures, forfeitures and orders to have them destroyed.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
The last manufacturer of violet ray electrotherapy devices in the US was Master Electric. The company was subjected to a 1951 lawsuit in Marion, Indiana, and the devices were seized by the FDA.[9] While their manufacture was prohibited in the US by case law, violet ray electrotherapy devices are still manufactured by companies outside of the US.
Other uses
Violet ray electrotherapy proponents point to its oxygenation and stimulation properties as therapeutic.
Jon Burge of the Chicago Police Department, who was dismissed in 1992 following allegations of torture of suspects by Burge and detectives working under him in the 1970s and 1980s, may have used a violet ray. The violet ray was suggested independently by two museum curators after they were given victims' descriptions of one of the several electrical devices used by Burge.[10]
As antiques, violet rays can be popular medical and historical collectibles.
Related Devices
A related modern device, known as a violet wand, is used by some as a sexual stimulation device. Another similar device called a High Frequency aesthetic machine, which operates on electronic circuitry, is currently used in beauty salons today for its ability to oxygenate the skin when it is used, but their use is restricted to licensed aestheticians in all states of the US.
Other related devices are "vacuum testers" or "Tesla/Oudin coils" for igniting glow-discharge in plasma devices, visually testing gas mixtures and locating pinhole leaks in neon signs and chemistry glassware, for plasma surface treatment, locating leaks in plastic tank liners, and igniting ICP analyzers' argon plasma torch.
In popular culture
American clairvoyant Edgar Cayce advocated use of the violet ray in almost 900 of his readings.[11]
Early Wonder Woman stories featured a science fiction healing device known as the "Purple ray," inspired by the violet ray device.
An antique violet ray set with glass electrodes and control box is featured in Bohumil Hrabal's 1974 novel Postřižiny (Cutting It Short), as well as Jiří Menzel's 1980 film adaptation of the same.
See also
References
- ↑ Improvements to Violet-Ray Generator of the applicator type, designed primarily for therapeutic use 1506344, Janke, Benno, "Violet-Ray Generator", published January 31, 1923, issued August 26, 1924.
- ↑ 3505. Misbranding of Violetta kits. U. S. v. 21 Kits, etc. (F. D. C. No. 30942. Sample No. 25412-L.), Condemnation plus destruction.
- ↑ 2807. Misbranding of violet ray device. U. S. v. 13 Cases, etc (F. D. O. No. 26995. Released under bond to the F.S.A.
- ↑ 3458. Misbranding of violet ray device. U. S. v. 2 Cases * * *. (F. D. C. No. 30801. Sample No. 3858-L.) Surrendered to the FDA.
- ↑ 6932. Violet ray generator device. i( F.D.C. No. 45940. S. No. 20-531 R.) Seizure by the FDA.
- ↑ 4178. Misbranding of Master violet ray outfit. U. S. v. 14 Packages, etc. (F. D. C. No. 35294. Sample Nos. 50206-L, 50207-L.), surrendered to FDA.
- ↑ 981. Misbranding of R & R Ultra Violet Ray and Radiation Machine. U. S. v. August H. Riess (Lawndale Laboratories)
- ↑ 2850. Misbranding of ultraviolet ray devices. U. S. v. 16 Devices, etc (F. D. O. No. 26972. Sample No. 41216-K.)
- ↑ "4319. Misbranding of Master violet ray devices. U. S. v. Master Appliances, Inc. Plea of guilty. Fine of $2,000, plus costs.". DDNJ. 1951-10-10.
- ↑ "Police Torture in Chicago: The Mysterious Third Device". Chicago Reader. 2007-02-04.
- ↑ Hruska, E. "Violet Ray: A Handy Healing Device", Cayce.com, 2009.
External links
- Electrotherapy Museum: Violet Ray related antique devices
- Electrotherapy Museum: Violet Ray Misconceptions