Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta. From 1792 to 1796, Aosta's father had taken an active part in the struggle of the old powers against the revolutionary forces in France but was defeated and forced to make peace. The old king died shortly thereafter, and in December 1798, his eldest son and successor, Charles Emmanuel IV, was faced with a French occupation and eventually annexation, of his mainland territories.

Charles Emmanuel and his family were forced to withdraw to Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains not conquered by the French. Charles Emmanuel himself took little interest in the rule of Sardinia, living with his wife on the mainland in Naples and Rome until his wife's death in 1802, which led the childless Charles Emmanuel to abdicate the throne for of his younger brother. Aosta took the throne on 4 June 1802 as Victor Emmanuel I. He ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for the next twelve years, during which time he constituted the Carabinieri, a Gendarmerie corps, still existing as one of the main branches of the military of Italy.

Victor Emmanuel could return to Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna, with the addition of the territories of the former Republic of Genoa. The latter became the seat of the Sardinian Navy. Victor Emmanuel abolished all the freedoms granted by the Napoleonic Codices and restored a fiercely oppressive rule: he refused any concession of a constitution, entrusted the instruction to the Church and reintroduced the persecutions against Jews and Waldensians.

After the outbreak of the liberal revolution in his lands in 1821, he abdicated foe of his brother, Charles Felix. Victor Emanuel died in the Castle of Moncalieri and is buried in the Basilica of Superga.

Family and children

On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena (who was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor).

They had six daughters and one son who died very young:

Maria Beatrice Victoria Josepha of Savoy (1792–1840), married her uncle Francis IV, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Modena
Maria Adelaide Clothilde Xaveria Borbonia of Savoy (1794–1802)
Charles Emanuel (1796–1799) died of smallpox.
A daughter (1800–1801)
Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia of Savoy (1803–1879), married Charles II, Duke of Parma (1799–1883)
Maria Anna Ricarda Carlotta Margherita Pia of Savoy (1803–1884), married Ferdinand I of Austria
Maria Cristina Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elise of Savoy (1812–1836), married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies

Ancestry

Ancestors of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia

16. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy

8. Victor Amadeus II of Savoy

17. Marie Jeanne of Savoy

4. Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia

18. Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans

9. Anne Marie d'Orléans

19. Henrietta of England

2. Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia

20. William of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg

10. Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg

21. Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort

5. Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg

22. Maximilian Carl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort

11. Eleonora Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim

23. Maria Polyxena, Gräfin Khuen von Lichtenberg und Belasi

1. Victor Emanuel

24. Louis XIV of France

12. Louis, Grand Dauphin

25. Maria Theresa of Spain

6. Philip V of Spain

26. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria

13. Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria

27. Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy

3. Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain

28. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma

14. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma

29. Isabella d'Este

7. Elisabeth Farnese

30. Philip William, Elector Palatine

15. Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg

31. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Notes

References

Segre, A. (1928). Vittorio Emanuele I. Turin.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia.

"Victor Emmanuel I.". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.

Regnal titles
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia House of Savoy Born: 24 July 1759 Died: 10 January 1824
Preceded by Charles Emmanuel IV	King of Sardinia 1802–1821	Succeeded by Charles Felix
Titles in pretence
Preceded by Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia	Jacobite succession 1819–1824	Succeeded by Maria Beatrice of Savoy

Dukes of Aosta

Charles Emmanuel III (1701–1715) Victor Amadeus (1723–1725) Emanuele Filiberto (1731–1735) Carlo (1738–1745) Victor Emmanuel I (1759–1802) Amadeo (1845–1890) Emanuele Filiberto (1890–1931) Amadeus (1931–1942) Aimone (1942–1948) Amadeus (1948–present)

Kings of Sardinia

Victor Amadeus II (1720–1730) Charles Emmanuel III (1730–1773) Victor Amadeus III (1773–1796) Charles Emmanuel IV (1796–1802) Victor Emmanuel I (1802–1821) Charles Felix (1821–1831) Charles Albert (1831–1849) Victor Emmanuel II (1849–1861)

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 48853665 LCCN: no98124883 GND: 136864147 ULAN: 500354340

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