Varaždin Generalate

The Varaždin Generalate (German: Warasdiner Generalat, Serbo-Croatian: Varaždinski generalat), also known as the Windische Grenze ("Wendian/Wendish [Slavic] Border") in German,[1] was a Habsburg Monarchy Military Frontier province centred in Warasdin (Varaždin) that existed between 1531 and the 18th century.

The border command was established by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1531.[2] By the 1560s the Habsburgs established a frontier defense system, made up of six main Grenzgeneralat (captain-generalcies) in the Military Frontier in Hungary and Croatia, each commanded by captain generals;[3] the one centred in Varaždin was after 1578 known as the Wendish-Bajcsavár captain-generalcy.[3] Until the Long Turkish War, the Military Frontier's defense system had two centers, Karlovac and Varaždin.[4] During the war, the area around the generalate was deserted.[4]

The Statuta Valachorum (1630), a decree of privileges to the mainly Orthodox (Serb) refugee community, was in effect in the generalate.[5] A rebellion broke out in the generalate in 1632, the Frontiersmen (Grenzer) rose up against local Austrian governors; the rebellion was suppressed, and knez (count) Marko Bogdanović and harambaša Smiljan Vujica (or Smoljan Vujić) were executed.[6] A rebellion broke out in the generalate in 1665–66 when Frontiersmen under Stefan Osmokruhović rose up against the Austrian officers, after the rights of the frontiersmen had been compromised.[7]

In 1737 the Military Frontier was re-organized, and the Varaždin general command included the two regiments of Križevci and Đurđevac. The area was eventually ceded to the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia.

Commanders

References

  1. ↑ Jakob Amstadt (1969). Die k. k. Militärgrenze 1522-1881: (mit einer Gesamtbibliographie). Würzburg.
  2. ↑ Omrčanin, Ivo (1984). Military history of Croatia. Dorrance. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-8059-2893-8.
  3. 1 2 Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. BRILL. 5 January 2012. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-90-04-22198-7.
  4. 1 2 Vladimir Dedijer (1974). History of Yugoslavia. McGraw-Hill Book Co. p. 204.
  5. ↑ Sučević, Branko P. (1953). "Razvitak Vlaških Prava u Varaždinskom generalatu" (PDF). Historijski Zbornik (6): 34.
  6. ↑ Nada Klaić (1976). Društvena previranja i bune u Hrvatskoj u XVI i XVII stoljeću. Izd. Preduzeće Nolit. a iduće su godine ne samo optuženi, nego i pogubljeni knez Marko Bogdanović i zastavnik Smoljan Vujić.
  7. ↑ Dalibor Brozović (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija. Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 166. ISBN 978-953-6036-29-5.
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