Udon Thani
| Udon Thani อุดรธานี Udon | |
|---|---|
| City Municipality | |
| อุดรธานี | |
|
Udon Thani | |
  Udon Thani | |
| Coordinates: 17°25′0″N 102°45′00″E / 17.41667°N 102.75000°ECoordinates: 17°25′0″N 102°45′00″E / 17.41667°N 102.75000°E | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Government | |
| • Type | City Municipality |
| Area | |
| • City Municipality | 47 km2 (18 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,095 km2 (423 sq mi) |
| Population (Aug 2012) | |
| • City Municipality | 153,329 |
| • Density | 3,262/km2 (8,450/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 430,000 |
| • Metro density | 393/km2 (1,020/sq mi) |
| Time zone | ICT (UTC+7) |
| Postcode | 41280 |
.jpg)
Udon Thani (Thai: อุดรธานี, pronounced [ʔudɔːn tʰaːniː]) is one of the four major cities (Khorat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen) of the Isan region, Thailand, (known as the "big four of Isan"). It is the capital of Udon Thani Province.
Location
Udon's geographical location 17°25′N 102°45′E / 17.417°N 102.750°E is approximately 560 km from Bangkok. Udon is a major official and commercial center in northern Isan, Thailand, and the gateway to Laos, northern Vietnam, and southern China.[1]
History
The city's economy was boosted by the proximity to Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base during the Vietnam War and retains reminders of that time in the form of bars, coffee shops, and hotels.
Udon also became the site of a Voice of America relay station alleged to have been a CIA black site.[2]
Climate
Udon Thani has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are fairly dry and very warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at 36.3 °C (97.3 °F). The monsoon season runs from late-April through early-October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. The range of reliably recorded temperatures in the city is from 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) to 43.9 °C (111.0 °F).
| Climate data for Udon Thani (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.6 (99.7) |
39.2 (102.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
41.2 (106.2) |
38.7 (101.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.6 (96.1) |
43.0 (109.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.8 (73) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.9 (84) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
18.9 (66) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.0 (77) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
17.2 (63) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.1 (70) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.2 (39.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6.3 (0.248) |
22.0 (0.866) |
49.7 (1.957) |
74.1 (2.917) |
198.5 (7.815) |
229.0 (9.016) |
210.9 (8.303) |
285.1 (11.224) |
239.5 (9.429) |
90.1 (3.547) |
10.3 (0.406) |
2.9 (0.114) |
1,418.4 (55.843) |
| Average rainy days | 1.7 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 16.9 | 19.0 | 19.6 | 22.0 | 17.3 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 126.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 63 | 60 | 63 | 74 | 78 | 78 | 81 | 81 | 76 | 69 | 67 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 272.8 | 259.9 | 275.9 | 243.0 | 198.4 | 156.0 | 120.9 | 117.8 | 144.0 | 198.4 | 252.0 | 257.3 | 2,496.4 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.8 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 6.9 |
| Source #1: Thai Meteorological Department[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun and humidity)[4] | |||||||||||||
Population and demography
The city alone has 399,535 inhabitants (out of the provinces 1,572,786).
In the mid-1900s, about 46,700 Vietnamese war refugees migrated to Udon Thani. Their descendants still reside in Udon Thani.[5] Today, Udon Thani has the largest Vietnamese community in all of Thailand.
Commerce
Mining
Asia Pacific Resources, a wholly owned subsidiary of Italian-Thai Development PLC, owns the concession to the Udon Thani potash mines and plans to develop them. According to press reports, Udon Thani has enough potash to mine two million tonnes per year for 25 years. Potash is one of the main components of fertilizer.
Retail and cinemas
Udon Thani has three Tesco-Lotus stores, two Big C malls, a Makro, and three large shopping malls. The largest shopping mall is CentralPlaza Udon Thani which hosts Udon Thani's largest movie theatre cinema Major Cineplex. CentralPlaza Udon Thani was reopened 27 March 2012 after a massive renovation and expansion. Landmark Plaza has the second largest cineplex in Udon Thani, SF Cinema City. The shopping mall, UD Town, opened in winter 2009. In a park-like setting on an area of 38,000 m² (24 rai), UD Town is Thailand's largest open air shopping center (Chatuchak market in Bangkok may possibly come a close second in size).
Revenue from tourism
Some of the revenue from tourism is related to tourists going to and/or coming from the archaeological site Ban Chiang (forty-seven kilometres from the city).
References
- ↑ "Udon Thani". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ↑ Crispin, Shawn W (2008-01-25). "US and Thailand: Allies in Torture". Asia Times. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
- ↑ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. p. 9. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 43. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ Paanchiangwong, Songgot (Sep 2009). "A Note On Interference of Thai Reduplication on Vietnamese Spoken in Udon Thani Province of Thailand" (PDF). Journal of the south-east Asian Linguistics Society. 2: 241–245. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
External links
-
Udon Thani travel guide from Wikivoyage
|  | |