Timeline of the Tang dynasty

This is a timeline of the Tang dynasty, which covers a period of roughly 289 years, from 618, when the dynasty was founded, to 907, when the last Tang emperor was deposed by the warlord Zhu Wen, who established the Later Liang dynasty, inaugurating the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Information on areas and events relevant to the Tang dynasty such as the Wu interregnum, when Wu Zetian established her own Zhou dynasty, and other realms such as the Sui dynasty, Tibetan Empire, Three Kingdoms of Korea, Nanzhao, Japan and steppe nomads are also included where necessary.

7th Century

610s

Year Date Event
618 11 April Emperor Yang of Sui is killed by strangulation in a coup led by his general Yuwen Huaji in Jiangdu[1]
12 June Li Yuan (Tang Gaozu - note that Tang emperor naming convention uses the posthumous Temple Name) deposes Emperor Gong of Sui and founds the Tang dynasty; Sui dynasty falls[1]
29 November Battle of Qianshuiyuan: Li Shimin defeats pretender Xue Rengao and his short lived state of Qin
619 China remains divided[1]
Some of the most powerful independent forces include Wang Shichong in Luoyang, Liu Wuzhou in north Shanxi, Dou Jiande in Hebei, and Shen Faxing in the south[1]
Yuwen Huaji is killed by Dou Jiande[1]

620s

Year Date Event
620 Li Shimin defeats Liu Wuzhou[1]
621 28 May Battle of Hulao: Tang forces defeat the warlord Dou Jiande and he is captured by Li Shimin[1]
Tang forces defeat Wang Shichong and take Luoyang[1]
Dou Jiande's general Liu Heita rebels[1]
622 Rebel Li Zitong tries to flee from Chang'an but is arrested and executed[2]
623 Tuyuhun invasion of Gansu: Chai Shao defeats a Tuyuhun invasion of Gansu
Li Jiancheng defeats Liu Heita; Liu Heita is captured and killed[1]
Fu Gongshi declares himself emperor in Danyang, Jiangsu (Nanjing)[1]
624 Fu Gongshi is killed; Tang forces conquer the south[1]
Zu Yong Diao tax system is implemented[1]
Illig Qaghan and his nephew Tölis Qaghan (Ashina Shibobi) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate embark on a joint invasion of Tang;[1] persuaded by Li Shimin, Tölis stops hostility[1]
Confucian scholar Ouyang Xun completes the leishu encyclopedia Yiwen Leiju
Wu Zetian is born to Wu Shihuo and a woman of the noble Yang clan; birth place unknown but possibly in Chang'an; birth name unknown but possibly Zhào (照), from which the Zhao (曌) in Wu Zhao (武曌) is derived, while Wu (武) is her patronymic surname which she kept after marriage according to Chinese tradition
625 Eastern Turkic Khaganate launches repeated raids in northern frontier areas; some raids reach as far south as Shanxi; largest one was directed by Illig Qaghan against Shuozhou (in north Shanxi) but is repulsed[1]
626 2 July Xuanwu Gate Incident: Li Shimin kills his brothers the crown prince Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji at Chang'an[1]
4 September Emperor Gaozu of Tang is forced into retirement and Li Shimin becomes emperor (Taizong)[1]
Emperor Taizong of Tang makes peace with Illig Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate[1]
627 A large number of prefectures and counties are combined or abolished; the Ten Circuits are introduced[1]
Scholar Lu Deming dies[1]
628 3 June Rebel Liang Shidu dies from assassination[1]
629 Buddhist monk Xuanzang sets off for the west[1]

630s

Year Date Event
630 Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks: Li Jing conquers the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and captures Illig Qaghan; Emperor Taizong of Tang becomes heavenly qaghan[1]
Japanese missions to Tang China: Japan sends its first mission to the Tang dynasty[3]
Chief minister Du Ruhui resigns due to sickness and dies the same year
631 Tölis Qaghan dies[4]
Wei Juyuan is born[5]
Gao Biaoren (高表仁) accompanies Japanese embassy back to Japan[6]
632 Qibi Heli of the Tiele bring more than 1,000 households to Tang[7]
Irbis Bolun Cabgu of the Western Turkic Khaganate is ousted by Dulu Khan[8]
634 Dulu Khan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by Ishbara Tolis
Illig Qaghan dies[9]
Yong'an Palace (永安宮) (Daming Palace) is completed[10]
635 Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tuyuhun: Emperor Taizong of Tang launches a campaign against Tuyuhun, a Xianbei empire to the west, and annexes the area
Yong'an Palace renamed Daming Palace[10]
The Book of Liang is published
The first recorded Christian missionary arrives in China
Nestorian monks from Anatolia and the Sasanian Empire build the Daqin Pagoda
Alopen writes the Jesus Sutras
636 The fubing system is revised to comprise 634 intrepid garrisons (zhechong fu 折衝府)[3]
The Xumi Pagoda is completed
The Book of Chen, Book of Northern Qi, Book of Zhou, and Book of Sui are compiled
637 Wu Zetian becomes a 5th rank court concubine
638 Tibetan attack on Songzhou: The Tibetan Empire attacks the city of Songzhou, now modern Songpan, in Sichuan
Ishbara Tolis of the Western Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by Yukuk Shad[11]
639 Census estimates a total population of 50 million residing within Tang administrated territory[12][13]

640s

Year Date Event
640 Tang campaign against Karakhoja: Hou Junji conquers Karakhoja and annexes Gaochang (Turpan, Xinjiang)[3]
The Protectorate General to Pacify the West is established
641 Emperor Taizong of Tang sends his general Li Shiji to support the restoration of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate under Qilibi Khan and aid them in their conflicts with Xueyantuo
Princess Wencheng arrives in Tibet as bride to Songtsen Gampo[3]
642 Yukuk Shad of the Western Turkic Khaganate is succeeded by Irbis Seguy
643 Crown Prince Li Chengqian is deposed[3]
Emperor Taizong of Tang's close confidant Wei Zheng becomes gravely ill and dies[3]
Emperor Taizong of Tang commissions Yan Liben to paint portraits of his officials at Lingyan Pavilion
644 Emperor Taizong of Tang starts preparations for a campaign against Goguryeo[3]
Tang campaigns against Karasahr: Tang general Guo Xiaoke attacks Karasahr and achieves military victory but Karasahr remains a vassal of the Western Turkic Khaganate
645 First campaign in the Goguryeo–Tang War: Emperor Taizong of Tang leads an invasion of Goguryeo in person but withdraws after failure to conquer Anshi (northeast of Yingkou, Liaoning)[3]
Tang forces engage in battle with Xueyantuo
Xuanzang returns from India[3]
Scholar Yan Shigu dies on the road during an expedition to Goguryeo[3]
646 Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo: Tang forces defeat Xueyantuo in battle and their khan surrenders
Bianji compiles the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
647 Li Shiji leads another campaign against Goguryeo, but does not succeed[3]
The Protectorate General to Pacify the North is established
648 Emperor Taizong of Tang launches one more campaign against Goguryeo unsuccessfully[3]
Tang campaign against Kucha: Tang general Ashina She'er attacks Kucha
Wang Xuance captures the usurper king of Kannauj in India[3]
Scholar Kong Yingda dies[3]
Ex-chief minister Fang Xuanling succumbs to illness and dies[3]
649 Kucha is defeated
Emperor Taizong of Tang sucumbs to illness, possibly from the pills he took from his alchemists, and dies, his son Li Zhi succeeds him and becomes Emperor Gaozong of Tang[3]
The campaign against Goguryeo is called off[3]
General Li Jing (general) succumbs to illness and dies[3]

650s

660s

670s

680s

690s

8th Century

700s

710s

720s

730s

740s

750s

760s

770s

780s

9th Century

800s

810s

820s

830s

840s

850s

860s

870s

880s

890s

10th Century

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Xiong 2009, p. cviii.
  2. Xiong 2009, p. 307.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Xiong 2009, p. cix.
  4. Xiong 2009, p. 513.
  5. Xiong 2009, p. 536.
  6. Xiong 2009, p. 173.
  7. Xiong 2009, p. 405.
  8. Xiong 2009, p. 464.
  9. Xiong 2009, p. 579.
  10. 1 2 3 Xiong 2009, p. 108.
  11. Xiong 2009, p. 629.
  12. Ebrey, Walthall & Palais 2006, p. 91.
  13. Ebrey 1999, pp. 111, 141.
  14. Czarnetzki, A.; Ehrhardt S. (1990). "Re-dating the Chinese amalgam-filling of teeth in Europe". International Journal of Anthropology. 5 (4): 325–332.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Xiong 2009, p. cx.
  16. Xiong 2000, p. 55.
  17. Graff 2002, p. 205.
  18. 1 2 3 Graff 2002, p. 206.
  19. Graff 2002, p. 207.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Xiong 2009, p. cxi.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 Graff 2002, p. 213.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Xiong 2009, p. cxii.
  23. 1 2 Graff 2002, p. 214.
  24. 1 2 Graff 2002, p. 221.
  25. Graff 2002, p. 222.
  26. Xiong 2009, p. 249.
  27. Graff 2002, p. 223.
  28. Xiong 2009, p. 248.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Xiong 2009, p. cxiii.
  30. 1 2 Xiong 2009, p. 280.
  31. 1 2 Lorge 2008, p. 32.
  32. Xiong 2009, p. 143.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
  34. Zhou, Songfang (1997). "On the Story of Late Tang Poet Li He". Journal of the Graduates Sun Yat-sen University. 18 (3): 31–35.
  35. Needham, Joseph and Tsien Tsuen-hsuin. (1985). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. Cambridge University Press., reprinted Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.(1986)
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Xiong 2009, p. cxv.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Xiong 2009, p. cxvi.
  38. Andrade 2016, p. 31.
  39. Needham 1986, p. 85.

References

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