Timeline of Basel
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basel, Switzerland.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 11th century
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- 5th century BC – Celts settle in the area
- 150 BC – Rauraci Celtic tribe founds a settlement (located on the northwestern outskirts of the present city)
- 58 BC
- Rauraci together with Helvetii try to emigrate to Gaul, but are defeated at the Battle of Bibracte by Julius Caesar and sent back to their homeland
- Returning Rauraci build a fortified settlement, called oppidum (located in today's Basel Cathedral hill)
- c. 44 BC – Augusta Raurica is founded by the Romans
- c. 15 BC – Successful colonization of the area supported by the Augustus's conquest of the central Alps
- By the 2nd century AD
- Has become a prosperous commercial trading centre and the capital of a local Roman province
- Population reaches approximately twenty thousand people
- 250 AD - Powerful earthquake damages a large part of the city
- c. 260 AD - Alemanni tribes and/or marauding Roman troops destroy Augusta Raurica
- c. 300 AD
- Following the loss of the Limes Germanicus and the right bank of the Rhine River, the Roman army builds a castra (fort) named Castrum Rauracense near the old site of Augusta Raurica. It was intended to serve as the headquarters of the legio I Martia and to protect a ford over the Rhine.
- 4th century AD
- The fort grows in importance because it commands a bridge that lies along the road from Gaul to the Danube River
- Emperors Constantius II and Julian assemble their armies at the Castrum Rauracense before marching to battle against the Alemanni.[1]
- Church is built near Castrum Rauracense
- The fort and neighboring church become the seat of a bishop, with the bishop first being mentioned in 346.[1]
- 374 AD - The town named Basilea or Basilia in Latin (from Ancient Greek Basileia, Βασιλεια meaning kingship) is documented[2]
- c. 400 AD - Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Roman troops withdraw from Castrum Rauracense and Basilea, the Germanic Alemanni settled in
- 7th century AD - The bishop moves to Basel and the settlement at Castrum Rauracense declines in importance
- 740 - Catholic diocese of Basel active (approximate date).[3]
- 752 AD - A village called Augusta was first mentioned
- 894 AD - East Francian King Arnulf grants the church in Kaiseraugst (Castrum Rauracense) to his vassal, Anno; the church was then granted to the Abbey of St Gall and then later to the Basel Münster
- 917 AD – The Magyars destroyed Basel,[4] and later burnt down the monasteries of St Gallen and Rheinau[5]
- 999 AD – Rudolph III of Burgundy donates the Moutier-Grandval Abbey and all its possessions (540 square miles of lands) to Bishop Adalbero II,[6][7] establishing the Prince-Bishopric of Basel as a secular territory
11th-18th centuries
- 1019 - Basel Münster construction begins.
- 1032 - Town becomes seat of Prince-Bishopric of Basel, Holy Roman Empire.
- 1080 - City wall built (approximate date).
- 1226
- Bridge over the Rhine constructed.
- Furriers guild established.
- 1230 - Inner wall built (approximate date).
- 1349
- Black Death plague.
- Basel massacre.
- 1356 - Earthquake.
- 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
- 1398 - Outer wall built.
- 1412 - Guesthouse "Zum Goldenen Sternen" in business (approximate date).
- 1431 - Council of Basel formed.
- 1444 - Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs.
- 1460 - University of Basel established.[9]
- 1466 - Gesellschaft der Feuerschützen (Basel) (militia) formed.
- 1468 - Berthold Ruppel sets up printing press (approximate date).[10]
- 1471 - University Library in operation (approximate date).
- 1488 - Johannes Petri sets up printing press.
- 1491 - Johann Froben establishes printing house (approximate date).
- 1495 - Basel becomes part of Upper Rhenish Imperial Circle.
- 1499 - City hosts Treaty of Basel.
- 1500 - Basel Münster rebuilt.[11]
- 1501 - Canton of Basel becomes part of Swiss Confederacy.[12]
- 1523 - Christoph Burckhardt becomes citizen.
- 1529 - City becomes Protestant; Catholic bishop moves to Porrentruy.
- 1536 - John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion published.
- 1542
- Basel thaler (currency) in circulation.
- Johannes Oporinus sets up printing business.
- 1543 - Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica published.
- 1559 - Skalich's Encyclopaedia published.[13]
- 1662 - Amerbaschsches Kabinett established.
- 1774 - Population: 15,040.
- 1777 - Gesellschaft zur Aufmunterung und Beförderung des Guten und Gemeinnützigen founded.
- 1795 - City hosts Peace of Basel.
- 1798 - Basel frank (currency) in circulation.
19th century
- 1815 - Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel formed.
- 1821 - Natural History Museum founded.
- 1833 - Canton of Basel divided.
- 1834 - Basler Stadttheater founded.
- 1839 - Basler Kunstverein founded.
- 1840 - Income tax collection begins in the canton.[13]
- 1850 - Population: 27,844 in city; 29,698 in canton.[14]
- 1864 - Elisabethenkirche built.
- 1867 - Allgemeine Musikschule founded.
- 1870 - Population: 44,848 in city; 47,040 in canton.[14]
- 1872 - Kunsthalle Basel inaugurated.
- 1874 - Zoo Basel opens.[15]
- 1882 - St. Gotthard railway begins operating.[16]
- 1893 - FC Basel founded.
- 1894 - Basel Historical Museum opens.
- 1897 - City hosts Zionist Organization meeting.
20th century
- 1900 - Population: 109,161 in city; 112,227 in canton.[14]
- 1907 - Basel SBB railway station built.
- 1912 - City hosts Second International meeting.
- 1913 - Basel Badischer Bahnhof built (approximate date).
- 1917
- Schweizer Mustermesse Basel begins.
- Ethnographic Museum formed.
- 1923 - Silo Tower built.
- 1925 - Pharmazie-Historisches Museum der Universität Basel founded.
- 1926 - Basel Chamber Orchestra founded.[17]
- 1927 - Boys' Choir of the Protestant Church of Basel-City formed.
- 1933
- Schola Cantorum Basiliensis founded.
- Gate of Spalen restored.
- 1945 - 4 March: Bombing by Allied forces.[18]
- 1946 - Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg airport opens.
- 1954
- City of Basel Music Academy formed.
- St. Jakob Stadium opens.
- 1961 - Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig founded.
- 1963 - Birskopf Bridge built.
- 1968 - Merian Gärten (garden) established.[19]
- 1969 - Basel Institute for Immunology founded.
- 1970
- 1977 - Basler Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1979 - Cartoonmuseum Basel founded.
- 1980
- Paper museum established.
- Museum of Contemporary Art opens.
- Population: 182,143 in city; 203,915 in canton.[14]
- 1984 - Swiss Architecture Museum founded.
- 1989 - City hosts Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
- 1996 - Museum Tinguely opens.
- 1997 - Sinfonieorchester Basel formed.
- 1998 - Dollhouse Museum opens.
21st century
- 2000
- Music Museum opens.
- Population: 166,558 in city; 188,079 in canton;[14] 731,167 metro.
- 2001 - St. Jakob-Park stadium opens.
- 2006 - City hosts European Curling Championships.
See also
- History of Basel
- List of councillors of Basel-Stadt
- List of bishops of Basel
- List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Basel-Stadt
- Other cities in Switzerland
References
- 1 2 Kaiseraugst in Roman Times in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated 1999, p. 308
- ↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Switzerland". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ Overall 1870.
- ↑ http://www.swissworld.org/en/history/alamans_to_the_holy_roman_empire/foreign_invasions/
- ↑ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1993, p. 659
- ↑ Wood, 285–286, 313
- ↑ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ↑ Haydn 1910.
- ↑ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Switzerland: Basel". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ "Bâle". Switzerland. Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1863.
- ↑ "Switzerland". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 248+. ISBN 978-1-135-35687-3.
- 1 2 Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evolution de la population des communes 1850-2000 (xls) (in French), Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office, 2005
- ↑ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ↑ Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ↑ Leo Schelbert (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- ↑ "Garden Search: Switzerland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- in English
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Basil", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt
- Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Basle", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Basel". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1878), "Switzerland: Basle", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "Basel", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Basel", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
- "Bâle". Switzerland. Grieben's Guide Books (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1912.
- "Bâle", Switzerland (26th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1922, OCLC 4248970
- Robert E. Dickinson (1961). "Basel". The West European City (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- Lionel Gossman (1994). "Basel". Geneva, Zurich, Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity. Princeton University Press. p. 63+. ISBN 978-1-4008-6369-3.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Basel". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- Wood, Susan, The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West, 2006, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198206976, 9780198206972, google books
- in German
- "Basel". Topographia Helvetiae, Rhaetiae et Valesiae. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt.. 1642-1654 (1960 reprint)
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Basel". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
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Coordinates: 47°34′00″N 7°36′00″E / 47.566667°N 7.6°E
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