Three Hundred Tang Poems

Three Hundred Tang Poems
Traditional Chinese 唐詩三百首
Simplified Chinese 唐诗三百首

The Three Hundred Tang Poems (simplified Chinese: 唐诗三百首; traditional Chinese: 唐詩三百首; pinyin: Tángshī sānbǎi shǒu) is an anthology of poems from the Chinese Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) first compiled around 1763 by Sun Zhu (1722-1778[1]), the Qing Dynasty scholar, also known as Hengtang Tuishi (衡塘退士 "Retired Master of Hengtang"). Various later editions also exist. All editions contain over 300 poems: in this case, three hundred means not exactly 300 but refers to an estimative quantification; the ten, twenty, or more extra poems represent a sort of a good luck bonus,[2] analogous to the "baker's dozen" in the West. Even more, the number 300 (or more exactly 305) was a classic number for a poetry collection due to the influence of the Classic of Poetry (Shijing 詩經), which was generally known as The Three Hundred Poems.[1]

Dissatisfied with the anthology Poems by a Thousand Masters (Qianjiashi 千家詩) compiled by Liu Kezhuang in the late Southern Song, and influenced by Ming Dynasty poetry anthologies, Sun selected the poems based on their popularity and educational value. The collection has been popular ever since and can be found in many Chinese households. For centuries, elementary students memorized the poems and used them to learn to read and write. It contains poems by Du Fu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Li Shangyin, Meng Haoran, Han Yu, Du Mu, Bai Juyi, Liu Changqing, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, Wei Yingwu, and more.[3][4] Li He is one notable Tang poet absent from the compilation.

Organization of poems

The original Qing Dynasty version of the 300 Tang Poems was organized by the poem's formal type, of which there were seven:

Out of 317 poems in one edition, 90 were in the gushi form and 227 were in the lüshi or the jueju forms.[5]

Poets

The poets of the Tang shi include a number of authors ranging from the well-known and famous to obscure or anonymous poets, and even include at least one emperor. The poet with the most pieces included in this collection is Du Fu, with thirty-nine. Li Bo is a close runner-up, with thirty-four. Wang Wei has twenty-nine poems included in the anthology and Li Shangyin has twenty-four. Meng Haoran has fifteen, Wei Yingwu twelve, Liu Changqing eleven, and Du Mu ten. After that, each of the other poets' included pieces number in the single digits; however, some of these poets are quite important, such as Liu Zongyuan or Bai Juyi. Some important poets, such as Li He, are not represented at all.

Name Traditional Simplified Pinyin Wade-Giles[note 1] Dates[note 2] Number of included pieces[note 3]
Bai Juyi 白居易 白居易 Bái Jūyì Po Chü-i 772–846 6
Cen Shen (Cen Can) 岑參 岑参 Cén Cān (Cén Shēn) Ts'en Ts'an (Ts'en Shen) 715–770 7
Chang Jian 常建 常建 Cháng Jiàn Ch'ang Chien 708–765? 2
Chen Tao 陳陶 陳陶 Chén Táo Ch'en T'ao 824–882 1
Chen Zi'ang 陳子昂 陈子昂 Chén Zĭáng Ch‛en Tzŭ-ang 661?–702 1
Cui Hao 崔顥 崔颢 Cuī Hào Ts'ui Hao 704?–754 4
Cui Shu 崔曙 崔曙 Cuī Shǔ Ts'ui Shu 704–739 1
Cui Tu 崔塗 崔涂 Cuī Tú Ts'ui T'u 854–? 2
Dai Shulun 戴叔倫 戴叔伦 Dài Shūlún Tai Shu-lun 732–789 1
Du Fu 杜甫 杜甫 Dù Fǔ Tu Fu 712–770 39
Du Mu 杜牧 杜牧 Dù Mù Tu Mu 803–852 10
Du Qiuniang (Lady Du Qiu) 杜秋娘 杜秋娘 Dù Qiūniáng Tu Ch'iu-niang ?–825? 1
Du Shenyan 杜審言 杜审言 Dù Shěnyán Tu Shen-yen 646–708? 1
Du Xunhe 杜荀鶴 杜荀鹤 Dù Xúnhè Tu Hsün-hê 846–904 1
Gao Shi 高適 高适 Gāo Shì Kao Shih 716?–765 2
Gu Kuang 顧況 顾况 Gù Kuàng Ku K'uang 725—814 1
Han Hong 韓翃 韩翃Hán Hóng Han Hung mid 8th century 3
Han Wo 韓偓 韩偓 Hán Wò Han Wo 844–923 1
Han Yu 韓愈 韩愈 Hán Yù Han Yü 768–824 4
He Zhizhang 賀知章 贺知章 Hè Zhīzhāng He Chih-chang 659?–744 1
Huangfu Ran 皇甫冉 皇甫冉 Huángfǔ Rǎn Huang-fu Jan 716–769 1
Jia Dao 賈島 贾岛 Jiǎ Dǎo Chia Tao 779–843 1
Jiaoran (Monk Jiaoran) 皎然 皎然 Jiǎorán Chiao-jan 730–799 1
Jin Changxu 金昌緒 金昌绪 Jīn Chāngxù Chin Ch'ang-hsü ?1
Li Bai (Li Po) 李白 李白 Lǐ Bái (Lǐ Bó) Li Pai (Li Po) 701–76234
Li Duan 李端 李端 Lǐ Duān Li Tuan 743–782 1
Li Pin 李頻 李频 Lǐ Pín Li P'in 818–876 1
Li Qi 李頎 李颀 Lǐ Qí Li Ch'i 690–7517
Li Shangyin 李商隱 李商隐 Lǐ Shāngyǐn Li Shang-yin 813?–858? 24
Li Ye (Li Jilan) 李冶 李冶 Lǐ Yě Li Yeh ?–784 18
Li Yi 李益 李益 Lǐ Yì Li I 748?–827? 3
Liu Changqing 劉長卿 刘长卿 Liú Chángqīng Liu Chang-ch'ing 710?–789? 11
Liu Fangping 劉方平 刘方平 Liú Fāngping Liu Fang-p'ing mid 8th century 2
Liu Jixu 劉脊虛 刘脊虚 Liú Jǐxū Liu Chi-hsü ?1
Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 刘禹锡 Liú Yǔxī Liu Yü-hsi 772–842 4
Liu Zhongyong 柳中庸 柳中庸 Liǔ Zhōngyōng Liu Chung-yung ?–775? 1
Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 柳宗元 Liǔ Zōngyuán Liu Tsung-yüan 773–819 5
Lu Lun 盧綸 卢纶 Lú Lún Lu Lun 739–799 6
Luo Binwang駱賓王 骆宾王 Luò Bīnwáng Lo Pin-wang 640?–684?1
Ma Dai 馬戴 马戴 Mǎ Dài Ma Tai 799–869 2
Meng Haoran[note 4] 孟浩然 孟浩然 Mèng Hàorán Meng Hao-jan 689?–74015
Meng Jiao 孟郊 孟郊 Mèng Jiāo Meng Chiao 751–814 2
Pei Di 裴迪 裴迪 Péi Dí Pei Ti 716?–? 1
Qian Qi 錢起 钱起 Qián Qǐ Ch'ien Ch'i 722?–780?3
Qin Taoyu 秦韜玉 秦韬玉 Qín Tāoyù Ch'in T'ao-yü late 9th century 1
Qiu Wei 邱為 邱为 Qiū Wéi Ch'iu Wei 694–789? 1
Qiwu Qian 綦毋潛 綦毋潜 Qíwú Qián Ch'i-wu Ch'ien 692?–755? 1
Quan Deyu 權德輿 权德舆 Quán Déyú Ch'uan Tê-yu 759–818 1
Shen Quanqi 沈佺期 沈佺期 Shěn Quánqī Shên Ch'üan-ch'i 650?–713?2
Sikong Shu 司空曙 司空曙 Sīkōng Shǔ Ssû-k'ung Shu 720?–790?3
Song Zhiwen 宋之問 宋之问 Sòng Zhīwèn Sung Chih-wên 656?–712?1
Tang Xuanzong (Emperor Xuanzong of Tang) 唐玄宗 唐玄宗 Táng Xuánzōng T'ang Hsüan-tsung 685–762 1
Wang Bo 王勃 王勃 Wáng Bó Wang Po 649?–6761
Wang Changling 王昌齡 王昌龄 Wáng Chānglíng Wang Ch'ang-ling 698–756 8
Wang Han 王翰 王翰 Wáng Hàn Wang Han early 8th century 1
Wang Jian 王建 王建 Wáng Jiàn Wang Chien ?–830? 1
Wang Wan 王灣 王灣Wáng Wān Wang Wan693–751 1
Wang Wei 王維 王维 Wáng Wéi Wang Wei 699–75929
Wang Zhihuan 王之渙 王之涣 Wáng Zhīhuàn Wang Tsu-huan 688–742 2
Wei Yingwu (Wei Yinwu) 韋應物 韦应物 Wéi Yìngwù Wei Ying-wu 737–79212
Wei Zhuang 韋莊 韦庄 Wéi Zhuāng Wei Chuang 836–910 2
Wen Tingyun 溫庭筠 温庭筠 Wēn Tīngyūn Wen T'ing-yun 812–870 4
Wumingshi (Anonymous) 無名氏 无名氏 Wúmíngshì Wu-ming-shih ? 1
Xi Biren (Anonymous)[note 5] 西鄙人 西鄙人 Xī Bǐrén Hsi Bi-jen ?1
Xu Hun 許渾 许浑 Xǔ Hún Hsü Hun 791–858 2
Xue Feng 薛逢 薛逢 Xuē Féng Hsueh Feng mid 9th century 1
Yuan Jie 元結 元结 Yuán Jiē Yüan Chieh 723–772 2
Yuan Zhen 元稹 元稹 Yuán Zhěn Yüan Chen 779–831 4
Zhang Hu 張祜 张祜 Zhāng Hù Chang Hu 785[6]–849? 5
Zhang Ji from Hubei 張繼 张继 Zhāng Jì Chang Chi 715?–779? 1
Zhang Ji from Jiangnan 張籍 张籍 Zhāng Jí Chang Chi 766–830? 1
Zhang Jiuling 張九齡 张九龄 Zhāng Jiǔlíng Chang Chiu-ling 678?–740 5
Zhang Mi (Zhang Bi) 張泌 张泌 Zhāng Mì Chang Mi late 9th century 1
Zhang Qiao 張喬 张喬 Zhāng Qiáo Chang Ch'iao ? 1
Zhang Xu 張旭 张旭 Zhāng Xù Chang Hsü 658?–747?1
Zhao Luanluan 趙鸞鸞 赵鸾鸾 Zhào Luánluán Chao Luan-luan 14th century[note 6]
Zheng Tian 鄭畋 郑畋 Zhèng Tián Cheng T'ien 824?–882? 1
Zhu Qingyu 朱慶餘 朱慶余 Zhū Qìngyú Chu Ch'ing-yü early 9th century 2
Zu Yong 祖詠 祖咏 Zǔ Yǒng Tsu Yung 699–746? 2
  1. ↑ Lacking tone marks, and may be modified Wade-Giles.
  2. ↑ Birth, death, flourishing, or other as available. All dates Common Era.
  3. ↑ From standard edition(s).
  4. ↑ Japanese = Mōkōnen
  5. ↑ Xi Biren is an alias meaning "humble person from the west border". The author is unknown (cf. "The Beauty of Tang Poems and Zhuan Zi Calligraphy", "Xi Bi'ren", by Marie L. Sun and Alex K. Sun)
  6. ↑ Zhao Luanluan was a Yuan dynasty poet mistaken by the compilers as a Tang dynasty courtesan-poet.

Translations

The first complete translation of the Three Hundred Tang Poems into English was published as The Jade Mountain, translated by Witter Bynner and Jiang Kanghu. From 1929 through 1972 it went through ten editions.[3] It has also been translated by Peter Harris in 2009.[7]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Yu, 64-65
  2. ↑ Rexroth, xvi
  3. 1 2 Various; Weichang Chan (electronic version), Witter Bynner (translator) (1997). "Home of 300 Tang Poems". Chinese Text Initiative (in Chinese and English). University of Virginia. Retrieved 2007-09-12. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help); External link in |work= (help)
  4. ↑ "Tang Shi – 300 Tang poems". Wengu - Chinese Classics and Translations (in Chinese, English, and French). AFPC. Retrieved 2007-09-12. External link in |publisher=, |work= (help)
  5. ↑ Watson 127
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ http://www.amazon.com/Three-Hundred-Everymans-Library-Pocket/dp/0307269736

References

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