Sibbaldiopsis
| Sibbaldiopsis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rosoideae |
| Genus: | Sibbaldiopsis Rydb. |
| Species: | S. tridentata |
| Binomial name | |
| Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Aiton) Rydb. | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Potentilla tridentata Aiton | |
Sibbaldiopsis is a genus in the plant family Rosaceae. This genus only contains a single species: Sibbaldiopsis tridentata, formerly Potentilla tridentata. Commonly, its names include three-toothed cinquefoil,[1] shrubby fivefingers,[2] and Wineleaf.[3] Systemic phylogenetic work has placed S. tridentata within Sibbaldia as Sibbaldia retusa.[4]
History
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata was first described by William Aiton, but later corrected by Per Axel Rydberg.
The species had been called Potentilla tridentata, but because of genetic analysis, it was discovered that the plant was closer to the boreal species Sibbadlia procumbens.
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata has sometimes been cited as Potentilla retusa, as it is much older, despite having yellow flowers. In addition, poor specimens of Sibbaldiopsis tridentata resemble Sibbaldia procumbens more than Sibbaldiopsis tridentata itself.[5]
Habitat
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata prefers dry and acidic soil, usually on rocky or gravelly shores that have access to a lot of sun.[1] It is often found on shale outcrops.[6] The species is located all over the central to eastern American states, with disjunct populations extending down the Appalachian Mountains. The species also lives in the Canadian provinces east of and including Alberta, as well as Greenland.[7][8] In Nova Scotia, the species is very common in the center of the Annapolis Valley and around cliffs or rocky outcrops.[9] The southernmost known populations are located in Georgia and North Carolina, and occupy high-elevation rock outcrops and grassy balds.[10]
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata is listed as endangered in 5 US states.[10]
Characteristics
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata is a short evergreen[3] perennial plant, which thrives in clusters[6] and can grow up to ten inches.[1][6] Its leaves are compound and trifoliate, usually growing at the base in an alternating pattern, each leaflet growing up to an inch-and-a-half in length and a half-an-inch across. The leaflets are oblanceolate with a truncated tip possessing three teeth.[1] These leaves are retained in winter, but often with a red coloring.
Its branches are herbaceous and pubescent,[3] but its roots are woody.[11]
Its flowers are small and white, radial, and arranged in a compound bracteate cyme, possessing five sepals and five petals with several stamens and a few pistils.[1] The individual flowers resemble flowers from the genus Potentilla.[12]
Its blooms last up to three months,[1] between June to August.[6] Eventually, the triangular sepals fold up and develop tiny, hairy brown seeds.[3]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Three-Toothed Cinquefoil (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata)".
- ↑ "Sibbaldiopsis tridentata". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Three-toothed Cinquefoil): Minnesota Wildflowers".
- ↑ Erikkson et al. 2015
- ↑ Rydberg, P. A. (1 January 1897). "Notes on Potentilla.-VI". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 24 (1): 1–13. doi:10.2307/2478365. JSTOR 2478365.
- 1 2 3 4 "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin".
- ↑ "Three-toothed Cinquefoil (Sibbaldia tridentata) - Ontario Trees and Shrubs".
- ↑ Profile for Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Available: http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=sitr3
- ↑ Roland, A. E., Smith, E. C.. 2007. The Flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotian Institute of Science.
- 1 2 USDA, 2007
- ↑ "Encyclopaedia Londinensis, or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature". 1 January 1826 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Radford et al. 1968
Sources
- Torsten Eriksson , Magnus Lundberg, Mats Töpel, Pia Östensson, Jenny E. E. Smedmark. Sibbaldia: a molecular phylogenetic study of a remarkably polyphyletic genus in Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. January 2015, Volume 301, Issue 1, pp 171–184.
- Eriksson, Torsten; Hibbs, Malin S.; Yoder, Anne D.; Delwiche, Charles F.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2003). "The Phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F Region of Chloroplast DNA". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1086/346163.
- Radford AE, HE Ahles, and CR Bell. 1964 Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill Press: Chapel Hill, NC
- USDA PLANTS National Database. 2007