The Power of Good-Bye

"The Power of Good-Bye"
Single by Madonna
from the album Ray of Light
A-side "Little Star" (UK)
B-side "Mer Girl"
Released September 22, 1998
Format
Recorded Larrabee North Studio
Universal City, California
Genre Electronica
Length 4:10
Label
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Madonna singles chronology
"Drowned World/Substitute for Love"
(1998)		 "The Power of Good-Bye"
(1998)		 "Nothing Really Matters"
(1999)
Music video
"The Power of Good-Bye" on YouTube

"The Power of Good-Bye" is a song by American singer Madonna, taken from her seventh studio album Ray of Light (1998). It was written by Madonna and Rick Nowels, and was additionally produced by Madonna, William Orbit and Patrick Leonard. The song was released as the fourth single from the album on September 22, 1998. "The Power of Good-Bye" was additionally released as a double A-Side single in the United Kingdom with "Little Star". Lyrically, the song talks about how freeing and empowering saying good-bye or ending a relationship can feel. Musically, the melancholy ballad is an electronica song, with its instrumentation consisting in shuffle beats, acoustic guitars and sweeping strings, arranged by Craig Armstrong.

"The Power of Good-Bye" received acclaim from music critics, who went on to recognize the song as one of the best on Ray of Light, with praising going to its instrumentation and electronic vibe, while also praising Madonna's vocals and comparing to "Frozen" for its thematic. The song attained commercial success across Europe, reaching the top-ten in over nine countries, including Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom, while in the United States it reached number 11, becoming her 37th top-twenty hit and her seventh highest debut at the time. Its blue-green music video was directed by Matthew Rolston in Malibu, California and features actor Goran Višnjić as her love interest. Madonna performed the song live on several award shows and TV appearances.

Background and release

Since 1996, Madonna went through a number of "life-changing experiences" including giving birth to her daughter Lourdes, interest in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah, as well as the title role on the film adaptation of the musical Evita (1996).[1] A year later, following the promotion of the Evita soundtrack, she started working on Ray of Light; the album would reflect her changed perspectives about life. Madonna wrote songs with William Orbit, Patrick Leonard, Rick Nowels and Babyface; songs from the latter did not make it to the final track list.[1]

It was a career-changing experience for me. Before that I had always done my co-writing with friends. But working with Madonna ... it was the first time I had ever written one-on-one with a great artist/writer. After that I changed gears a little, and now I mostly collaborate directly with artists.

—Nowels talking about the experience of writing the song with Madonna.[2]

In the meantime Madonna had written "The Power of Good-Bye" with Nowels; it was one of the nine songs they had written for the album. Nowels had always wanted to work with Madonna, admiring her previous work with Leonard, Stephen Bray as well as Nile Rodgers. Nowels was in New York for the Grammy Awards, and during a shopping expedition in Barneys he met with Madonna. Nowels commended the singer on her songwriting skills and was later invited to Los Angeles for writing sessions.[2] According to Lucy O'Brien, author of Madonna: Like an Icon, "[Nowels] was struck by [Madonna's] lyric writing", admitting that, "It was deep, poetic and intelligent. When she's on and at her best she's on a par with Joni Mitchell or Paul Simon". He also stated that the singer's songwriting prowess was a benefit of her "voracious reading".[3] Three songs from their sessions were selected for the final track list, "The Power of Good-Bye", "Little Star" and "To Have and Not to Hold".[2]

After issuing "Drowned World/Substitute for Love" as the album's third single around the world,[4] "The Power of Good-Bye" was chosen to be release the album's fourth single, since "radio programmers and diehard fans [had] long been clamoring [for it] to be released as a single."[5] In the United States, the song was released as the album's third single on September 22, 1998, as a two-track single.[6] In the United Kingdom, "The Power of Good-Bye" was released as a double A-side with "Little Star".[7] In the rest of Europe, the song was included on the single releases as a B-side. In the European maxi-singles, several experimental remixes of the song by Luke Slater and an additional remix by Dallas Austin, who previously worked with Madonna on her Bedtime Stories (1994) album, were included. As noted by AllMusic's Jose F. Promis, the "Luke Slater's Super Luper" "turns the ballad into a thumping deep house anthem, making it sound like a completely different song." Meanwhile, "Fabien's Good God Mix" is "an electronic, tripped-out, drum'n'bass-heavy mix which keeps the integrity of the original song", Promis noted.[6]

Recording and composition

After the songwriting sessions ended with Nowels, Madonna started collaborating with Orbit and Leonard for recording the tracks. However, since Leonard could not delve much studio time, Madonna worked with Orbit only.[8] Around June 1997, Madonna entered the Larrabee North Studio, Universal City, California to record the album, accompanied by Orbit, an engineer and a tape operator. According to Orbit, "Most of the tracks pre-existed, so Madonna would work on vocals and lyrics at home, or driving around in her car." The producer was initially uncomfortable with Madonna around the studio checking the recording process, but gradually entered into a work dynamics with her. However his disorganised nature almost got him fired, when he reached Madonna's house to play "The Power of Goodbye" and realised that he had carried the wrong digital audio tape. Madonna was not impressed and Orbit had to "virtually" remain in the studio for a week and deliver the final track.[1]
"The Power of Good-Bye"
A 25 second sample of "The Power of Good-Bye" illustrates the chorus of the song, with the sustained notes, and the strings by Craig Armstrong. It also emphasizes the computer blips and techno effect sounds, as well as the acoustic guitar at the end of the chorus.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"The Power of Good-Bye" features production credit from Madonna, Orbit and Leonard, while Craig Armstrong was responsible for string arrangement.[9] It was written in the time signature of common time, and is composed in the key of F minor with a moderate tempo of 80 beats per minute. Madonna's vocals range from G3 to C5 and the song follows a basic sequence of Fm–D♭–A♭–E♭ as its chord progression.[10] It is an electronica melancholy ballad, with its arrangement being "anchored by a crisp shuffle beat and sweetened by occasional orchestral string flourishes and contrasting acoustic guitar strumming.[5][11]

According to Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, "The Power of Good-Bye" begins as a four chord arpeggio sequence. It has "catchy" melody phrases during the verses and a synth trumpet at the end of the first chorus, as well as Armstrong's strings present in the background. It also consists of sustained notes on the instrumental sections; this is characteristic of the songs on Ray of Light. Doubled acoustic guitar chords give an organic vibe during the beginning of the second verse, following a brief coda.[12] The song also infuses computer blips and techno effect sounds,[13] which Orbit achieved by using a Korg MS-20 analog synthesizer. Orbit explained: "There's something about [the MS-20's] transient peaks that are very spiky. And you can make that machine scream. Its two filters are very severe".[14]

Lyrically, "The Power of Good-Bye" talks the strength that comes in letting go,[15] and it was considered "a sort of sonic sister to 'Frozen'", since both deal with themes of a heart closed towards love.[16] This is emphasized in the lyrics, "Your heart is not open so I must go" as well as "Freedom comes when you learn to let go, Creation comes when you learn to say no".[17][18] The idea for using detachment as the inspiration for the song stemmed from Madonna's interest in Buddhist philosophy as well as practising Yoga.[19] Nowels described the lyrics as "stunning" and commended her confessional nature in the lyrics of the song.[16] He also described the song as a "meditation", adding that it's "a beautiful poem. I was knocked out. Touched." Australian music critic and friend of Madonna, Molly Meldrum, claimed the lyrics were about Madonna's former husband Sean Penn. The lyrical content was also compared to literary works of William Shakespeare, Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton.[3]

Critical reception

"Madonna imitating Jennifer Rush and Belinda Carlisle in a power ballad that will always give you the feeling that she could have done much better, but ['The Power of Good-Bye'] is so well built and is so epic that we firmly believe that it would sound good even with Katy Perry."

—Guillermo Alonso from Vanity Fair during a ranking of Madonna's singles.[20]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic picked "The Power of Good-Bye" as one of Ray of Light's highlights,[21] while Amy Pettifer of The Quietus called it "one of M's finest moments".[22] Larry Flick of Billboard praised the fact that "[Madonna] brilliantly nestles a dewy love ballad within a cutting-edge electronic pop framework." He also noted that "[y]ou can listen to this track a dozen times and still pluck something new from the richly layered arrangement", while highlighting Madonna's vocals, writing that she "performs with a confidence that allows her to flawlessly merge a widened vocal range with a considerable dose of raw emotion and soul."[5]

Bryan Lark of The Michigan Daily picked the song and "Frozen" as "the album's best two tracks", noting that both proved that "[Madonna] still likes to get into the groove, explaining why this a techno album and not part of the 'Mood' series."[17] Greg Kot of Chicago Tribune noted that the "rapturous sweep of '[The] Power of Good-Bye' [proves that] Madonna has succeeded where all of her pop peers have failed: She's made not just street-smart disco, but smart pop."[23] Authors Allen Metz and Carol Benson wrote in The Madonna Companion that the song, along with "Frozen" and "To Have and Not to Hold" from the album, formed a "dream trilogy" during which Madonna does a monologue with herself, talking about divinity.[24]

Rachel Brodsky of Spin remarked that both "The Power of Good-Bye" and "Frozen" were able to "cement the mainstream crossover of a dance culture once relegated to illegal basement parties".[13] Elysa Gardner of Los Angeles Times perceived that "Madonna's enduring knack for incorporating hip and exotic textures into accessible pop tunes is evident on avant-leaning dance tracks such as 'Nothing Really Matters' and 'The Power of Good-bye'."[25] Charlotte Robinson of PopMatters praised the inclusion of the song and other Orbit tracks on Madonna's 2001 compilation album, GHV2, for representing "a testament to [the producer's] ability to use gadgets and electronic wizardry not to alienate listeners, but to draw them in".[26] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine gave an A– grade to the song, writing that the song was "[s]tructured like your average adult contemporary ballad with enough electronic sheen to sound edgy, 'The Power of Goodbye' was the ultimate in electronica-lite. If the song's themes of empowerment aren't enough to lift the spirits, rhythmic guitars, sweeping strings and a soaring melody elevate the listener to several clouds above 9."[11]

Chart performance

"The Power of Good-Bye" entered the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 24 on the issue of October 17, 1998, becoming Madonna's 16th single to debut inside the top-forty and also her 38th overall top 40 hit. It became the seventh-highest debut of her career, and her fifth consecutive single to debut inside the top-thirty.[27] The following week, the song jumped to number 16, becoming Madonna's fifth consecutive top-twenty single.[28] It eventually peaked at number 11 on the week ending November 28, 1998.[29] According to Jose F. Promis of AllMusic, what kept the song from making the top-ten was because "[its maxi CD], unfortunately, never saw the light of day in the U.S."[6] "The Power of Good-Bye" was present for a total of 19 weeks on the Hot 100.[30] In Canada, the song debuted at number 87 on the RPM Top Singles chart.[31] It reached a peak of number 16 on the chart after 10 weeks.[32]

In the United Kingdom, the song had better chart placement. The A-side with "Little Star" together debuted at number six on the UK Singles Chart, and was present for a total of 11 weeks, selling 175,095 copies as of August 2008, according to the Official Charts Company.[33][34] It became Madonna's 36th best-selling single in the country.[35] The single CD version of the song charted separately, debuting and peaking at number 91.[33] The song went further in countries like Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Spain and Switzerland, where it reached the top-ten.[36] Its high chart placements enabled "The Power of Good-Bye" to debut at number two on the pan-Eurochart Hot 100 Singles, behind "Believe" by singer Cher.[37] It attained gold certifications from Austria, Germany and Sweden.[38][39][40] In Spain, "The Power of Good-Bye" was the only single from Ray of Light to not reach number one,[41] meanwhile in Australia the song was her first single since "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" to miss the top-twenty, peaking at number 33.[36]

Music video

The music video for "The Power of Good-Bye" was directed by Matthew Rolston, and was filmed from August 8–10, 1998 at Silvertop House in Los Angeles, California and Malibu Beach.[42] According to Entertainment Tonight, the filming was emotional for the singer due to the meaning behind the song, of break-up and "love story gone wrong". Madonna wanted to make the music video storyline dramatic, and hence chose Rolston as the director. Together they concocted the emotional narrative of the video. Although she respected Rolston's vision of the clip, Madonna nevertheless wanted to be a part of the creative process of the video and make it perfect. The scenes of Madonna walking along the beach were shot with the singer actually walking on a treadmill.[43]

Madonna playing chess in the music video for "The Power of Good-Bye". The scene was inspired by that in the 1968 heist film, The Thomas Crown Affair.

Madonna's lover in the video is played by Croatian actor Goran Višnjić, who was selected by the singer after she saw his acting in the British film, Welcome to Sarajevo (1997). Calling him "The sexiest male working today", Madonna explained that "[she] was looking for an actor to be in [the] video and his face came right into my head. You know, there was a list of a couple of actors I wanted to work with and he wanted to do it, so I think he's gorgeous".[44] The video premiered on MTV on September 10, 1998, a few minutes before the MTV Video Music Awards show began.[43] It was occasionally played on The Warner Bros. Network after the television show Felicity, which played the song as the background music during its TV ads.[4][45]

The video shows Madonna and Višnjić playing chess and ultimately Madonna destroying the chess board, symbolising an end to their relationship. Madonna then goes walking by the sea, passing a man walking his dog on the beach. Throughout the video, there are the scenes of Madonna sitting, singing and slowly dancing in front of the curtain. The video is color graded to that of a blue-green tint and the chess scene was inspired by that in the 1968 heist film, The Thomas Crown Affair (with Steve McQueen and Faye Dunaway). Listing the clip at number 23 on their countdown of "Madonna's 55 Best Videos", Louis Virtel from The Backlot said that Madonna looked "startlingly gorgeous, and her throes of agony at video's end occur in only the loveliest, bluest light."[46]

The scenes showing Madonna walking alone on the beach was an homage to actress Joan Crawford and similar scenes enacted in the 1946 film, Humoresque.[47] Christopher Rosa from VH1 listed it as one of Madonna's 10 Most Underrated Videos. He compared the blue-tinged visuals to the video for "Frozen", but found the story line to be more complex. Rosa also noted that the ending showing Madonna walking towards the sea was purposefully ambiguous. "Does Madonna drown herself in the ocean? Does she move on from her lover? Whatever the case, there is no denying this moody video is one of Madge's most effective ever," he concluded.[48]

Live performances

Madonna first performed "The Power of Good-Bye" on October 23, 1998, during the VH1 and Vogue Fashion Awards, dressed in black latex and leather, accompanied by the children of Opus 118, from The Harlem School of the Arts.[49][50] On November 12, Madonna performed an off-key version of the song on the 1998 MTV Europe Music Awards in Assago, Italy, dressed in black. John Dingwall from Daily Record noted that Madonna "struggled" on delivering the performance, as she seemed nervous.[51] "The Power of Good-Bye" is one of the few singles that Madonna has performed on the BBC program Top of the Pops, aired seven days later.[52] On November 23, 1998, Madonna appeared on the Spanish RTVE show A La Carta and performed "The Power of Good-Bye", along with her European single, "Drowned World/Substitute for Love".[53]

Track listings and formats

  1. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Album Version) – 4:10
  2. "Mer Girl" – 5:32
  1. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Album Version) – 4:10
  2. "Mer Girl" – 5:32
  1. "The Power of Good-Bye" – 4:13
  2. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Dallas' Low End Mix) – 4:34
  3. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Luke Slater's Super Luper) – 8:45
  4. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Luke Slater's Filtered Mix) – 6:07
  5. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Fabien's Good God Mix) – 8:22
  1. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Dallas' Low End Mix) – 4:34
  2. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Luke Slater's Super Luper) – 8:45
  3. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Fabien's Good God Mix) – 8:22
  4. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Album Version) – 4:10
  • EU / UK CD single[60]
  1. "The Power Of Good-Bye" (Album Version) – 4:10
  2. "Little Star" – 5:18
  1. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Album Version) – 4:10
  2. "The Power of Good-Bye" (Dallas' Low End Mix) – 4:34
  3. "Little Star" – 5:18

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Ray of Light album liner notes.[9]

Charts

Weekly charts

Chart (1998) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[36] 33
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[62] 4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[63] 31
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[64] 20
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[32] 16
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[65] 19
Eurochart Hot 100 Singles (Music & Media)[37] 2
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[66] 4
France (SNEP)[67] 21
Germany (Official German Charts)[68] 4
Ireland (IRMA)[69] 23
Italy (FIMI)[70] 8
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[71] 6
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[72] 7
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[73] 25
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[74] 5
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[41] 2
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[75] 3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[76] 8
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[33]
The Power of Good-bye/Little Star		 6
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[33] 91
US Billboard Hot 100[30] 11
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[77] 14
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[78] 40
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[79] 18

Year-end charts

Chart (1998) Position
Germany (Official German Charts)[80] 79
Italy (FIMI)[81] 58
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[82] 89
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[83] 43
Chart (1999) Position
Germany (Official German Charts)[84] 89

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Austria (IFPI Austria)[38] Gold 25,000*
Germany (BVMI)[39] Gold 250,000^
Sweden (GLF)[40] Gold 15,000^

^shipments figures based on certification alone

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Black, Johnny (August 2002). "Making of Ray of Light". Q. 17 (8). ISSN 0955-4955.
  2. 1 2 3 Kawashima, Dale (June 11, 2015). "Hit Writer/Producer Rick Nowels Talks About His Great Career, Working With Lana Del Rey, John Legend, Madonna and Santana". Songwriter Universe. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  3. 1 2 O'Brien 2008, p. 237
  4. 1 2 Bronson, Fred (September 26, 1998). "Chart Beat: All Around the World". Billboard. 110 (39): 145. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 Flick, Larry (September 12, 1998). "Reviews & Previews". Billboard. 110 (37): 32. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 F. Promis, Jose. "Power of Goodbye – Madonna". AllMusic. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  7. ↑ F. Promis, Jose. "Power of Goodbye (UK CD Single) – Madonna". AllMusic. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  8. ↑ Walters, Barry (April 1998). "Madonna: The 'Ray of Light' Cover Story, 'Madonna Chooses Dare'". Spin. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  9. 1 2 Ray of Light (LP, Vinyl, CD). Madonna. Maverick Records. Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9362-46882.
  10. ↑ Ciccone, Madonna; Nowels, Rick (1998). "Madonna 'The Power of Good-Bye' Sheet Music". MusicNotes.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  11. 1 2 Cinquemani, Sal (November 8, 2001). "Madonna: GHV2". Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  12. ↑ Rooksby 2004, p. 54
  13. 1 2 "Express Yourself: What Is Madonna's Greatest Era?". Spin. March 9, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  14. ↑ Kot, Greg (July 1998). "The Methods and Machinery Behind Madonna's Ray of Light". Keyboard. Archived from the original on October 9, 1999. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  15. ↑ Taraborrelli 2008, p. 178
  16. 1 2 Sears, Stephen (March 4, 2013). "Madonna's 'Ray Of Light' Turns 15: Backtracking". Idolator. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  17. 1 2 Lark, Bryan (March 10, 1998). "Madonna Opens Heart and Soul on 'Light'". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
  18. ↑ Jeanrod & Theobald 2001, p. 90
  19. ↑ Hvidfeldt, Anders (May 7, 1998). "Leonardo DiCaprio går i kloster" [Leonardo DiCaprio is in monasteries]. Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  20. ↑ Alonso, Guillermo (August 6, 2015). "Todos los singles de Madonna, ordenados de peor a mejor". Vanity Fair (in Spanish). Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  21. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Madonna: Ray of Light". AllMusic. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  22. ↑ Pettifer, Amy (February 25, 2015). "Madonna's Rebel Heart: A Track By Track Review". The Quietus. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  23. ↑ Kot, Greg (March 1, 1998). "New-material Girl". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  24. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 26
  25. ↑ Gardner, Elysa (March 1, 1998). "Album Review: Madonna 'Ray of Light'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  26. ↑ Robinson, Charlotte (November 12, 2001). "Madonna: Greatest Hits Volume 2". PopMatters. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  27. ↑ Bonson, Fred (October 17, 1998). "Ladies Welcome Back Reprise To No. 1". Billboard: 110. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Billboard Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. 110 (43): 92. October 24, 1998. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Billboard Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. 110 (48): 70. November 28, 1998. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  30. 1 2 "Madonna – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Madonna. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 7932". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  32. 1 2 "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6995." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  33. 1 2 3 4 "Madonna: Artist Chart History" Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  34. ↑ Jones, Alan (August 19, 2008). "The immaculate guide to 50 years of Madonna". Music Week. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  35. ↑ Myers, Justin (August 16, 2016). "Madonna's Official Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  36. 1 2 3 "Australian-charts.com – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  37. 1 2 "Hits of the World: Eurochart" (PDF). Billboard. December 12, 1998. p. 53 accessdate=2016-11-25.
  38. 1 2 "Austrian single certifications – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved March 17, 2015. Enter Madonna in the field Interpret. Enter The Power of Good-Bye in the field Titel. Select single in the field Format. Click Suchen
  39. 1 2 "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna; 'The Power of Good-Bye')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  40. 1 2 "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  41. 1 2 Salaverri 2005, p. 98
  42. ↑ "Inlay credits". The Video Collection 93:99 (VHS, DVD, CD). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1999. 9362-49729-6.
  43. 1 2 Burns, Eric (September 1, 1998). ET News: Making of the video 'The Power of Good-Bye'. Entertainment Tonight (air). Event occurs at 20:00 EST.
  44. ↑ "Madonna Talks About Her Video Co-Star". MTV News. September 18, 1998. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Madonna Rolls Out Videos Here And Abroad, Loans Song To Felicity". MTV News. August 4, 1998. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  46. ↑ Virtel, Louis (August 16, 2013). "Madonna's 55 Best Videos, In Honor of Her 55th Birthday". The Backlot. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  47. ↑ Smith, Liz (January 6, 2015). "Tippi Hedren Leaves Her Stamp on Movie History — and Envelopes". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  48. ↑ Rosa, Christopher (August 16, 2016). "Madonna's 10 Most Underrated Music Videos". VH1. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  49. ↑ Aldridge, Kristen (August 13, 2013). "Madonna's Best Performance Looks of All-time". Shape. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Madonna Biography". Musicomania.com. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  51. ↑ Dingwall, John (November 13, 1998). "Saints and Winners; Spice Girls beat rivals to awards". Daily Record. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  52. ↑ "Madonna sets TOTP date". BBC News. November 17, 2000. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Madonna con Miguel Bosé (23 de noviembre de 1998)" (in Spanish). RTVE. September 1, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  54. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (7" vinyl liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 7-17160.
  55. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (Cassette liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9 17160-4.
  56. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (CD single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9 17160-2.
  57. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (AU maxi CD liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9362 44591 2.
  58. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (JP maxi CD liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. WPCR-2297.
  59. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (12" vinyl liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9362 44590 0.
  60. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (EU CD single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9362 17121 9.
  61. ↑ The Power of Good-Bye (Maxi CD single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records; Warner Bros. Records. 1998. 9362 44598 2.
  62. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  63. ↑ "Ultratop.be – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  64. ↑ "Ultratop.be – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  65. ↑ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 7022." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  66. ↑ "Madonna: The Power of Good-Bye" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  67. ↑ "Lescharts.com – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  68. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  69. ↑ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – The Power of Good-Bye". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  70. ↑ "Madonna: Discografia Italiana" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. 1984–1999. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
  71. ↑ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Madonna search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  72. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  73. ↑ "Charts.org.nz – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  74. ↑ "Archive Chart: 1998-11-29". Scottish Singles Top 40. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
  75. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye". Singles Top 100. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  76. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – Madonna – The Power of Good-Bye". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  77. ↑ "Madonna – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Madonna. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  78. ↑ "Madonna – Chart history" Billboard Adult Pop Songs for Madonna. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  79. ↑ "Madonna – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for Madonna. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  80. ↑ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts 1998" (in German). Offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  81. ↑ "I singoli più venduti del 1998" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. December 31, 1998. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  82. ↑ "Jahreshitparade 1998" (PDF) (in Dutch). Top 40. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  83. ↑ "Årslista Singlar – År 1998" (in Northern Sami). Sverigetopplistan. Archived from the original on January 11, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  84. ↑ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts 1999" (in German). Offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved August 7, 2015.

References

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