Tarasque

Photo of a fibreglass model of the Tarasque, taken in Tarascon during the June celebrations.

The Tarasque is a fearsome legendary dragon-like mythological hybrid from Provence, in southern France, tamed in a story about Saint Martha. On 25 November 2005 the UNESCO included the Tarasque on the list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.^[1]

Legend

The legend of the Tarasque is reported in several sources, but especially in the story of St. Martha in the Golden Legend.^[2] The creature inhabited the area of Nerluc in Provence, France, and devastated the landscape far and wide. The Tarasque was a sort of dragon with a lion's head, six short legs like a bear's, an ox-like body covered with a turtle shell, and a scaly tail that ended in a scorpion's sting.^[3] Other legends report it as living on the modern site of the Chateau Tarascon; i.e. on a rock in the midst of the Rhone. According to the Golden Legend "There was, at that time, on the banks of the Rhone, in a marsh between Arles and Avignon, a dragon, half animal, half fish, thicker than an ox, longer than an horse, with teeth like swords and big as horns, he hid in the river where he took the life of all passers-by and submerged vessels. " "Sainte Marthe". L'Abbaye Sainte Benoit. Retrieved 28 Jan 2013. 

The Tarasque was said to have come from Galatia which was the home of the legendary Onachus, a scaly, bison-like beast which burned everything it touched (this creature is similar to the Bonnacon). The Tarasque was the offspring of the Onachus and the Leviathan of biblical account; disputably a giant sea serpent.

The king of Nerluc had attacked the Tarasque with knights and catapults to no avail. But Saint Martha found the beast and charmed it with hymns and prayers, and led back the tamed Tarasque to the city. The people, terrified by the monster, attacked it when it drew nigh. The monster offered no resistance and died there. Martha then preached to the people and converted many of them to Christianity. Sorry for what they had done to the tamed monster, the newly Christianized townspeople changed the town's name to Tarascon.

The story of the Tarasque is also very similar to the story of Beauty and the Beast and King Kong. The monster is charmed and weakened by a woman and then killed when brought back to civilization. A similar idea is found in the myths of Enkidu and the unicorn: both are calmed by sending them a woman. The description and legend of this creature is curiously similar to other dragons of French folklore such as Gargouille and Peluda.

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  Painting of St. Martha and the Tarasque, attributed to André Abellon, in the Basilica of Mary Magdalene at Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume.
• 
  The Tarasque, near King René's castle in Tarascon.
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  A carved early Gothic column capital in the cloister of the Church of St. Trophime in Arles, 14th century, depicting the Tarasque; it is one of several carvings here that show legends of local folklore as well as biblical figures.

Cultural impact

Tarasque at a Corpus Christi procession in Valencia

The Tarasque is featured on the coat of arms of the city of Tarascon. A festival is held every year there on the last Sunday of June to tell the tale of the Tarasque, as well as Tartarin, the main character of Alphonse Daudet's Tartarin de Tarascon. Originating in 1469, the festival was created by René of Anjou. It took place on the second Sunday after Pentecost, and was meant to exorcise the evil that caused the flooding of the Camargue, for which the Tarasque was blamed, for breaking dykes and dams.^[4] In the festival, a huge effigy of the Tarasque is carried through the streets, to traditional cries of:

"Lagadigadèu, la Tarasco, la Tarasco

Lagadigadèu, la Tarasco dóu castèu

Leissas-la passa la vièio masco,

Leissas-la passa que vai dansa."

While these festivals previously varied according to river conditions, happening in 1846, 1861, 1891 and 1946, they have since become a yearly event and tourist attraction, usually on July 29, the day of Saint Martha.

A legendary marine creature reported to live in Vietnam's Halong Bay was also called "Tarasque" by the French who ruled the area at the time.^[5]

The French military named a towed 20 mm anti-aircraft gun (53 T2) after the Tarasque.

The Tarasque is one of the statues of the Corpus Christi procession of many Spanish cities, including Valencia,^[6] and Granada.

In the video game StarCraft, the Tarrasque was a hero class ultralisk. A name which was also used as a reference to the Heart Of Tarrasque item, present in the DotA series.

See also

• Tarascosaurus, a dinosaur named after the Tarasque
• Tarrasque (Dungeons & Dragons)
• Mont Gerbier de Jonc

Notes

References

• Ingersoll, Ernest, et al., (2013). The Illustrated Book of Dragons and Dragon Lore. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN B00D959PJ0
• Shuker, Karl (1995). Dragons: A Natural History. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684814438. OCLC 32236086. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tarasque.

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Travels in Southern France's départements by Aubin-Louis Millin, 1808

• Tarasque Tudela - Navarra - Spain