Symphony No. 77 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 77 in B flat major, Hoboken 1/77, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn completed in 1782. The finale movement here is by most agreed to be the Haydn's first use of the sonata rondo form.
Early set of symphonies for London
In 1782, almost a decade before Haydn composed the first of his famous London symphonies, he composed a trio of symphonies – 76, 77 and 78 – for a trip to London which fell through.[1] Haydn wrote the following to his Paris music publisher Boyer on July 15, 1783:[2]
Last year I composed 3 beautiful, magnificent and by no means over-lengthy Symphonies, scored for 2 violins, viola, basso, 2 horns, 2 oboes, 1 flute and 1 bassoon – but they are all very easy, and without too much concertante – for the English gentlemen, and I intended to bring them over myself and produce them there: but a certain circumstance hindered that plan, and so I am willing to hand over these 3 Symphonies.
Boyer wanted exclusive rights, but Haydn refused.[3]
It is not known how much Haydn knew of the tastes of English audiences, but the three symphonies do possess a polish and style typical of London composers such as Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel. As noted in the letter, the winds have very few measures where they do not support the strings, they are used primarily to add colour.[2]
Movements
The symphony is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings. There are four movements:
Notes
- ↑ HC Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976-) v. 2, Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766-1790
- 1 2 Brown, A. Peter, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (ISBN 025333487X), pp. 194-195 (2002).
- ↑ p. 351, Heartz (2009) Daniel. New York. Mozart, Haydn and Early Beethoven: 1781 — 1802 W. W. Norton & Co.