Sycophaga
| Sycophaga | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sycophaga sp., adult females on F. sur | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Chalcidoidea |
| Subfamily: | Sycophaginae |
| Genus: | Sycophaga Westwood, 1840 |
| Type species | |
| Sycophaga crassipes Westwood, 1840 | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Sycophaga is a mainly Afrotropical gall wasp genus of the family Chalcidoidea that live on the section Sycomorus of the monoecious[1] fig subgenus, Sycomorus,[2] and one of several fig wasp genera to exploit its mutualism with Ceratosolen wasps.[3]
They enter the fig during the receptive phase of development, and oviposit inside the short-style flowers. This induces the growth of endosperm tissue and the enlargement and ripening of the syconium which holds the wasp-bearing drupelets, without pollination taking place.[4]
Species
The described species include:[2]
- Sycophaga afflicta Grandi, 1916
- Sycophaga callani Grandi, 1955
- Sycophaga cyclostigma Waterston, 1916
- Sycophaga depressa Risbec, 1956
- Sycophaga gigantea Grandi, 1916
- Sycophaga insularis Grandi, 1916
- Sycophaga silvestrii Grandi, 1916
- Sycophaga sycomori Linnaeus, 1758
- Sycophaga tenebrosa Grandi, 1917
- Sycophaga valentinae Grandi, 1952
- Sycophaga vicina Mayr, 1906
- Sycophaga viduata Grandi, 1916
References
- ↑ Weiblen, George D. (September 2000). "Phylogenetic relationships of functionally dioecious FICUS (Moraceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology". American Journal of Botany. 87 (9): 1342–1357. doi:10.2307/2656726. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- 1 2 Van Noort; et al. "Sycophaga Westwood". Figweb. iziko museums. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- ↑ Harrison, Rhett D.; et al. (5 June 2012). "Evolution of Fruit Traits in Ficus Subgenus Sycomorus (Moraceae): To What Extent Do Frugivores Determine Seed Dispersal Mode?". PLOS ONE. 7: e38432. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038432. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- ↑ Armstrong, W.P. "Gall flowers in figs: Does The Fig Wasp Really Produce A Gall?". Wayne's Word. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
External links
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