Suture (joint)

This article is about joints in the bones of the cranium. For stitches holding tissues together, see Surgical suture. For natural structures of a wide range of animals, see Suture (anatomical). For other uses, see Suture (disambiguation).

Suture (joint)
Side view of the skull.
Human skull side suturas right
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Sutura
TA	A03.1.02.001
FMA	7493
*Anatomical terminology* [edit on Wikidata]

A suture is a type of fibrous joint which only occurs in the skull (or "cranium"). The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These joints are synarthroses.^[1] It is normal for many of the bones of the skull to remain unfused at birth. The fusion of the skull's bones at birth is known as craniosynostosis. The term "fontanelle" is used to describe the resulting "soft spots". The relative positions of the bones continue to change during the life of the adult (though less rapidly), which can provide useful information in forensics and archaeology. In old age, cranial sutures may ossify (turn to bone) completely.^[2] The joints between the teeth and the joint between the mandible and the cranium, the temporomandibular joint, form the only non-sutured joints in the skull.

Types of sutures

Squamous sutures
- Plane sutures - edges of the bones are flush with each other as in a normal butt joint
- Limbous sutures - edges are bevelled so the plane of the suture is sloping as in a mitre joint

Schindylesis - formed by two bones fitting into each other similar to a bridle joint

Denticulate sutures - the edges slot into each other as in a finger joint
Serrate sutures - similar to a denticulate suture but the interlocking regions are serrated rather than square.

List of sutures

Fig. 1 Cranial sutures viewed from top of head

Most sutures are named for the bones they articulate, but some have special names of their own.

Primarily visible from the side (norma lateralis)

Coronal suture - between the frontal and parietal bones
Lambdoid suture - between the parietal and occipital bones and continuous with the occipitomastoid suture
Occipitomastoid suture - between the occipital and temporal bones and continuous with the lambdoid suture
Sphenofrontal suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Sphenosquamosal suture
Sphenozygomatic suture
Squamosal suture - between the parietal and the temporal bone
Zygomaticotemporal suture
Zygomaticofrontal suture

Primarily visible from front (norma frontalis) or above (norma verticalis)

Frontal suture / Metopic suture - between the two frontal bones, prior to the fusion of the two into a single bone
Sagittal suture - along the midline, between parietal bones

Primarily visible from below (norma basalis) or inside

Gallery

Lambdoid suture
Coronal suture
Squamosal suture
Zygomaticotemporal suture
Sagittal suture.
Sagittal suture.
Sagittal suture.
Top view of cranial suture.

References

↑ "Module - Introduction to Joints". Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
↑ Harth, Sebastian; Obert, Martin; Ramsthaler, Frank; Reuss, Christina; Traupe, Horst; Verhoff, Marcel (2009). "Estimating age by assessing the ossification degree of cranial sutures with the aid of Flat-Panel-CT". Legal Medicine (Tokyo). Elsevier. 11 (Supp.1): S186–S189. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.091. PMID 19261532. Retrieved 5 February 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cranial sutures.

Joints

Types	Fibrous Gomphosis Suture Syndesmosis Interosseous membrane Cartilaginous Synchondrosis Symphysis synovial: Plane joint 1° Hinge joint Pivot joint 2° Condyloid joint Saddle joint 3° Ball and socket joint synostosis by range of motion: Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

Terminology	Kinesiology Anatomical terms of motion Agonist/Antagonist

Motions	general: Flexion/Extension Adduction/Abduction Internal rotation/External rotation Elevation/Depression specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction Supination/Pronation specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion Eversion/Inversion

Components	capsular: Joint capsule Synovial membrane Fibrous membrane Synovial fluid Synovial bursa Articular disk/Meniscus extracapsular: Ligament Enthesis

Fibrous joints of the human skull

Syndesmosis	Pterygospinous ligament Stylohyoid ligament

Sutures	Involving the frontal bone frontoethmoidal suture frontal suture coronal suture occipitomastoid lambdoid sagittal Involving the sphenoid bone sphenoethmoidal with frontal bone with parietal bone sphenosquamosal Involving the Petrous part of the temporal bone sphenopetrosal petrosquamous squamosal Facial: palatomaxillary suture Involving the zygomatic process with sphenoid bone with temporal bone with frontal bone

Mouth	Gomphosis Periodontal fiber Periodontium Dental alveolus Gingiva Cementum

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