Sulfadiazine

Sulfadiazine
Clinical data


AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682130
Pregnancy category	?
Routes of administration	Topical cream, oral
ATC code	J01EC02 (WHO) QJ01EQ10 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Biological half-life	?
Excretion	?
Identifiers
IUPAC name 4-amino-N-pyrimidin- 2-yl-benzenesulfonamide
CAS Number	68-35-9^Y
PubChem (CID)	5215
DrugBank	DB00359^N
ChemSpider	5026^N
UNII	0N7609K889^N
KEGG	D00587^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL439^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.623
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₀H₁₀N₄O₂S
Molar mass	250.278 g/mol
Melting point	252 to 256 °C (486 to 493 °F)
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.^[1]

Medical uses

It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folate inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, and burns.

In combination, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, can be used to treat toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Mechanism of action

Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. In combination with pyrimethamine (a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor), sulfadiazine is used to treat active toxoplasmosis.

Side effects

Side effects reported for sulfadiazine include: nausea, upset stomach, loss of appetite, and dizziness.

Brand names

Lantrisul; Neotrizine; Sulfa-Triple #2; Sulfadiazine; Sulfaloid; Sulfonamides Duplex; Sulfose; Terfonyl; Triple Sulfa; Triple Sulfas; Triple Sulfoid

References

↑ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

Antibacterials: nucleic acid inhibitors (J01E, J01M)

Antifolates
(inhibits
purine metabolism,
thereby inhibiting
DNA and RNA synthesis)

DHFR inhibitor

2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
- Trimethoprim^#
- Brodimoprim
- Tetroxoprim
- Iclaprim^†

Sulfonamides
(DHPS inhibitor)

Short- acting	Sulfaisodimidine Sulfamethizole Sulfadimidine Sulfapyridine Sulfafurazole Sulfanilamide Prontosil Sulfathiazole Sulfathiourea

Intermediate- acting	Sulfamethoxazole Sulfadiazine^# Sulfamoxole

Long- acting	Sulfadimethoxine Sulfadoxine Sulfalene Sulfametomidine Sulfametoxydiazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfaperin Sulfamerazine Sulfaphenazole Sulfamazone

Other/ungrouped	Sulfacetamide Sulfadicramide Sulfametrole

Combinations

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Topoisomerase
inhibitors/
quinolones/
(inhibits
DNA replication)

1st g.

Fluoro-
quinolones

2nd g.	Ciprofloxacin^# Ofloxacin Enoxacin^‡ Fleroxacin^‡ Lomefloxacin^‡ Nadifloxacin^‡ Norfloxacin^‡ Pefloxacin^‡ Rufloxacin^‡

3rd g.	Levofloxacin Balofloxacin^‡ Grepafloxacin^‡ Pazufloxacin^‡ Sparfloxacin^‡ Temafloxacin^‡ Tosufloxacin^‡

4th g.	Besifloxacin Gatifloxacin Finafloxacin Gemifloxacin Moxifloxacin Clinafloxacin^† Garenoxacin^‡ Prulifloxacin^‡ Sitafloxacin^‡ Trovafloxacin^‡/Alatrofloxacin^‡

Vet.	Danofloxacin Difloxacin Enrofloxacin Ibafloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin Pradofloxacin Sarafloxacin

Newer non-fluorinated

Nemonoxacin

Related (DG)

Aminocoumarins: Novobiocin

Anaerobic DNA
inhibitors

Nitro- imidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# Tinidazole Ornidazole

Nitrofuran derivatives	Nitrofurantoin^# Furazolidone^‡ Nifurtoinol

RNA synthesis

Rifamycins/ RNA polymerase	Rifampicin^# Rifabutin Rifapentine Rifaximin Rifalazil^§

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazolides (nitazoxanide)

Isosporiasis	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Toxoplasmosis	pyrimethamine sulfadiazine

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

Aminoquinolines	(4-): amodiaquine^# chloroquine^# hydroxychloroquine^# (8-): primaquine^# pamaquine^‡ tafenoquine^†

4-Methanolquinolines	mefloquine^# quinine^# quinidine

Other	lumefantrine + artemether^# halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors	pyrimethamine biguanides chlorproguanil proguanil^#

Sulfonamides	sulfadoxine sulfalene

Co-formulation	sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)^#

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Other

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (co-formulated) ACTs	artemether/lumefantrine^# arterolane/piperaquine artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) artesunate/mefloquine (ASMQ) artesunate/pyronaridine dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine

Other combinations (not co-formulated)	artesunate/mefloquine artesunate/SP quinine/clindamycin quinine/doxycycline quinine/tetracycline

Babesiosis

clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: tetracycline

Hetero-
kont

Blastocystosis: metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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