Subterranean Homesick Blues

"Subterranean Homesick Blues"
Single by Bob Dylan
from the album Bringing It All Back Home
B-side	"She Belongs to Me"
Released	March 8, 1965
Format	7" single
Recorded	January 14, 1965, Columbia Recording Studios, Studio A, New York
Genre	Folk rock, blues rock, rock and roll
Length	2:20
Label	Columbia
Producer(s)	Tom Wilson
Bob Dylan singles chronology
"The Times They Are a-Changin'" (1965) "Subterranean Homesick Blues" / "She Belongs to Me" (1965) "Maggie's Farm" (1965)
Bringing It All Back Home track listing 11 tracks Side one "Subterranean Homesick Blues" "She Belongs to Me" "Maggie's Farm" "Love Minus Zero/No Limit" "Outlaw Blues" "On the Road Again" "Bob Dylan's 115th Dream" Side two "Mr. Tambourine Man" "Gates of Eden" "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue"

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"Subterranean Homesick Blues" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded on January 14, 1965, and released as a single by Columbia Records, catalogue number 43242, on March 8.^[1] It was the lead track on the album Bringing It All Back Home, released some two weeks later.^[2] It was Dylan's first Top 40 hit in the United States, peaking at number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also entered the Top 10 on the singles chart in the United Kingdom. The song has subsequently been reissued on numerous compilations, the first being the 1967 singles compilation Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits. One of Dylan's first electric recordings, "Subterranean Homesick Blues" is also notable for its innovative film clip, which first appeared in D. A. Pennebaker's documentary Dont Look Back.

An acoustic version of the song, recorded the day before the single, was released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991.

References and allusions

"Subterranean Homesick Blues" is an amalgam of Jack Kerouac, the Woody Guthrie–Pete Seeger song "Taking It Easy" ("Mom was in the kitchen preparing to eat / Sis was in the pantry looking for some yeast") and the rock'n'roll poetry of Chuck Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business".^[3]

In 2004, Dylan said, "It's from Chuck Berry, a bit of 'Too Much Monkey Business' and some of the scat songs of the '40s." ^[4]

Dylan has also stated that when he attended the University of Minnesota in 1959, he fell under the influence of the Beat scene: "It was Jack Kerouac, Ginsberg, Corso and Ferlinghetti."^[5] Kerouac's The Subterraneans, a novel published in 1958 about the Beats, has been suggested as a possible inspiration for the song's title.^[6][7]

The song's first line is a reference to codeine distillation and the politics of the time: "Johnny's in the basement mixing up the medicine / I'm on the pavement thinkin' about the government".^[2][8] The song also depicts some of the growing conflicts between "straights" or "squares" and the emerging counterculture of the 1960s. The widespread use of recreational drugs and turmoil surrounding the Vietnam War were both starting to take hold of the nation, and Dylan's hyperkinetic lyrics were dense with up-to-the-minute allusions to important emerging elements in the 1960s youth culture. According to rock journalist Andy Gill, "an entire generation recognized the zeitgeist in the verbal whirlwind of 'Subterranean Homesick Blues'."^[8]

The song also refers to the struggles surrounding the American civil rights movement ("Better stay away from those / That carry 'round a fire hose"—during the civil rights movement, peaceful protestors were beaten and sprayed with high-pressure fire hoses). The song was Dylan's first Top 40 hit in the United States.^[9]

Influence

Listed by Rolling Stone magazine as the 332nd "Greatest Song of All Time",^[10] "Subterranean Homesick Blues" has had a wide influence, resulting in iconic references by artists and non-artists alike. Most famously, its lyric "you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows" was the inspiration for the name of the American radical left group the Weathermen, a breakaway from the Students for a Democratic Society.^[11] In a 2007 study of legal opinions and briefs that found Dylan was quoted by judges and lawyers more than any other songwriter, "you don't need a weatherman..." was distinguished as the line most often cited.^[12][13][14]

John Lennon was reported to find the song so captivating that he did not know how he would be able to write a song that could compete with it.^[15][16] The group Firehose (former members of Minutemen) took its name from another of the song's enigmatic warnings: "Better stay away from those that carry around a fire hose..." In addition, the opening of the last verse, "Ah get born, keep warm", provided the Australian garage rock band Jet with the title of their debut album Get Born.

In the same way that Dylan paid homage to Jack Kerouac's novel, The Subterraneans,^[6] "Subterranean Homesick Blues" has been referenced in the titles of various songs, for example, Radiohead's "Subterranean Homesick Alien" from the 1997 album OK Computer; the ska punk band Mustard Plug's "Suburban Homesick Blues" from the 1997 album Evildoers Beware; the Memphis indie band The Grifters' "Subterranean Death Ride Blues", the B-side of a 1996 single; and the British folk rock band Deaf Havana's "Subterranean Bullshit Blues" from the 2013 album Old Souls. It was also the basis for the title of the second episode of Law & Order's premiere season, "Subterranean Homeboy Blues".

In the 1980s sitcom Murphy Brown, a flashback sequence shows Brown (Candice Bergen) and her future head writer (Joe Regalbuto) meeting for the first time in a bar. In order to prove to one another their genuine counterculture credentials from the mid-1960s, they join in a "challenge duet" of the first verse of "Subterranean Homesick Blues".

Cover versions

Covers of the song span a range of styles, including those by the reggae musician Gregory Isaacs on Is It Rolling Bob?, his 2004 album of Dylan songs, with Toots Hibbert;^[17] the bluegrass musician Tim O'Brien on his 1996 album of Dylan covers, Red on Blonde; the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers on the 1987 album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan; the Cajun-style fiddle player Doug Kershaw on Louisiana Man in 1978; and the singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson on his 1974 album Pussy Cats.^[18] The song was also covered by Alanis Morissette when she stood in for Dylan at his 2005 induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame.^[19] In addition, Robert Wyatt's "Blues in Bob Minor", on his 1997 album Shleep, uses the song's rhythm as a structural template.^[20] In December 2009, the rapper Juelz Santana released the single "Mixin' Up the Medicine", which features lyrics in the chorus, performed by alternative rapper Yelawolf, and maintains some of the song's original acoustics. Ed Volker of the New Orleans Radiators also has performed the song in his solo shows and with the Radiators, often paired with Highway 61 Revisited. The Arizona band Chronic Future covered the song on their 2004 EP, Lines in My Face. In 1994, The Day Today, a British spoof television news series, claimed that Dylan's performance was in fact a cover version of an original by ukulele virtuoso George Formby. The programme aired a clip of the purported newly discovered original, showing Formby performing to troops in a black-and-white newsreel with the song overdubbed. Ten years earlier, another British TV series, The Young Ones, featured a performance of the song (in the episode Cash), by a one-off conglomerate called Ken Bishop's Nice Twelve, featuring high-profile musicians such as Jools Holland, Chris Difford and Stewart Copeland, as well as a number of TV theme composers. In some DVD releases the performance was omitted for contractual reasons but it was restored for a re-release to mark the show's 25th anniversary. In 1985, British actor Tom Watt, at the time enjoying a high profile playing the role of Lofty Holloway in EastEnders, released a version of the song that made number 67 in the UK singles chart.

Allusions in other artists' songs

Echo & the Bunnymen's 1980 song "Villiers Terrace" includes the lyric "There's people rolling 'round on the carpet / Mixin' up the medicine."

Robert Wyatt's song "Blues in Bob Minor" from his 1997 album Shleep includes the line, "Genuflecting, bowing deeply/It don't take a weathergirl to see/Where the wind is blowing/What the wind is bending."

Radiohead's song "Subterranean Homesick Alien", from their 1997 album OK Computer, pays homage by referencing Bob Dylan's track in the title.

The Gaslight Anthem's song "Angry Johnny and the Radio", from their 2007 album Sink or Swim, includes the lyrics "And I'm still here singin', thinking about the government" and "Are you hidin' in a basement, mixin' up the medicine?"

Deaf Havana's album Old Souls contains the song "Subterranean Bullshit Blues", which references the title in homage to the songwriter James Veck-Gilodi's respect for Dylan.

Adam Green's song "Novotel" includes the lyric "Novotel / The phone's tapped anyway."

Promotional film clip

The three locations for the "cue card" clip as seen in Dont Look Back

The clip was originally a segment of D. A. Pennebaker's film Dont Look Back

In addition to its influence on music, the song was used in one of the first "modern" promotional film clips, the forerunner of what was later known as the music video. Rolling Stone ranked it seventh in the magazine's October 1993 list of "100 Top Music Videos".^[21] The original clip was the opening segment of D. A. Pennebaker's film Dont Look Back, a documentary on Dylan's 1965 tour of England. In the film, Dylan, who came up with the idea, holds up cue cards with selected words and phrases from the lyrics. The cue cards were written by Donovan, Allen Ginsberg, Bob Neuwirth and Dylan himself.^[8] While staring at the camera, he flips the cards as the song plays. There are intentional misspellings and puns throughout the clip: for instance, when the song's lyrics say "eleven dollar bills", the poster says "20 dollar bills". The clip was shot in an alley close to the Savoy Hotel in London. Ginsberg and Neuwirth are briefly visible in the background. For use as a trailer, the following text was superimposed at the end of the clip, Dylan and Ginsberg are exiting the frame: "Surfacing Here Soon | Bob Dylan in | Don't Look Back by D. A. Pennebaker". The Savoy Hotel has retained much of its exterior as it was in 1965, and the alley used in the film has been identified as the Savoy Steps.^[22]

In addition to the Savoy Hotel clip, two alternate promotional films were shot: one in a park (Embankment Gardens, adjacent to the Savoy Hotel) where Dylan, Neuwirth and Ginsberg are joined by Dylan's producer, Tom Wilson, and another shot on the roof of an unknown building (actually the Savoy Hotel). A montage of the clips can be seen in the documentary No Direction Home.

The film clip was used in September 2010 in a promotional video to launch Google Instant.^[23] As they are typed, the lyrics of the song generate search engine results pages.

Similar videos

The "Subterranean Homesick Blues" film clip and its concepts have been imitated by a number of artists. Influenced and imitative videos of note include the following:

• The video for the 1987 INXS track "Mediate".
• The Molotov Brothers' 1988 series of misheard lyrics commercials for Maxell cassette tapes.
• The video clip for Bloodhound Gang's 1999 song "Mope".
• "Weird Al" Yankovic used the concept twice: first, for his 1989 song "UHF" (though in this case he was in fact parodying the INXS version) and second, for the song "Bob" from his 2003 album Poodle Hat. In "Bob", the lyrics are all palindromes, and the video depicts Yankovic dressed as Dylan dropping cue cards with each palindrome.^[24]
• The 1992 Tim Robbins film Bob Roberts features Robbins in the title role as a right-wing folk singer who uses Dylan's cue-card concept for the song "Wall Street Rap".^[25]
• The video for "Buzzards of Green Hill" by Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade borrows the cue card idea from Dylan's clip.^[26]
• French singer Alain Chamfort commissioned director Bruno Decharme to make an exact replica of the original video for his song "Les yeux de Laure".^[27]
• Filk performer The great Luke Ski recorded two Star Wars-themed parodies of "Subterranean Homesick Blues": "Star Wars Trilogy Homesick Blues", about the Original Trilogy, and "Star Wars Prequel Homesick Blues", about the Prequel Trilogy. He also filmed a video for the former, with Ski dressed as Dylan dropping cue cards as in the "Subterranean" clip.^[28]
• Richard Curtis's film Love Actually has a character tell another that he is in love with her, by holding up cards with messages on them.
• The video for "Misfit" by Curiosity Killed the Cat features Andy Warhol standing motionless in an alleyway, dropping cue cards that are blank, while the band's singer energetically dances to the left of him.
• In an episode of Lost, Juliet holds up cards and removes them in a video she shows Jack to tell him that Ben is not wanted as a prominent figure in the Others community.
• The Gothic Archies use the cue card idea for their "Scream and Run Away" video.
• The Canadian comedy group Royal Canadian Air Farce produced a parody for their TV show called "Bob Dylan Christmas Songbook" that used the cue card device.^[29]
• The Flaming Lips parodied the film clip in a television advertisement for their 2006 album At War with the Mystics. In the clip, lead singer Wayne Coyne uses cue cards to inform viewers of the release, while the album's "The Yeah Yeah Yeah Song" plays.^[30]
• Directorial duo Greifer & Krötenbluth shot a promo for the German band Wir sind Helden's 2005 single "Nur ein Wort", in which the group's singer and guitarist use cue cards and other effects.^[31]
• Scottish band Belle and Sebastian pay homage to the film clip in the music video for the song "Like Dylan in the Movies" from their album If You're Feeling Sinister.^[32]
• The American punk band Anti-Flag used the concept in the clip for their song "Turncoat".
• Pop-punk band The Matches created a video for their song, "Salty Eyes", using televisions rather than flashcards, throwing them around and dropping the televisions as the lyrics display.
• Argentinian singer/songwriter León Gieco paid homage to Dylan by using cue cards in his video clip for the song El ídolo de los Quemados, in his 2001 album, Bandidos Rurales.
• Steve Earle implements the technique as part of the video for his 2002 single, Jerusalem.
• Chicago band Sundowner produced a video in 2007 for their song "This War is Noise" as a tribute to Dylan's clip.
• "Thou Shalt Always Kill", a 2007 song by dan Le Sac Vs Scroobius Pip copies the entire style of the video clip.
• Australian comedy team The Chaser parodied the clip twice. The first featured Chris Taylor advertising the second half of the 2007 series return for their show, The Chaser's War on Everything.^[33] The second parody, aired during Episode 14, featured Andrew Hansen in a skit about APEC.^[34]
• Joe Cartoon parodies the clip for the trailer to Blender Poll 2008.
• In late 2008, ESPN personality Kenny Mayne used a similar video to promote Mayne Street, a Web-only series on ESPN.com in which he stars.
• In 2008, rapper Evidence shot a music video for his single "The Far Left" as a tribute to the "Subterranean Homesick Blues", using cue cards with the song's lyrics and drawings.
• In the 2008 documentary "Gold and Silver and Sunshine - The Making of Dig Out Your Soul", the English band Oasis introduced each point of interest using the card-dropping theme from the Subterranean Homesick Blues video.
• Singer-songwriter, Julian Velard, pays tribute to Dylan using the card-dropping motif on the intro page to his website.^[35]
• In January, 2010, a music video from the humor website Cracked used Bob Dylan's original video with new lyrics superimposed on the cards to list unanswered questions from the show Lost.
• In March 2010, Dan & Dan released The Daily Mail Song on YouTube, in which the lyrics of the song are shown as headlines on a series of newspapers, discarded one by one.
• In 2012, The Jimi Homeless Experience released a music video for their song "Are You Homeless?" in which a homeless man holds up and discards cardboard signs instead of cue cards to follow the lyrics of the song.
• At the start of the 2012 Formula 1 Season, The BBC F1 team parody the video using an artist who sounds like Bob Dylan. The music is the same but the lyrics have been changed to reflect a look back at the 2011 season and forward to the 2012 season. Presenter Jake Humphrey and former F1 Driver David Coulthard hold up cards with the new lyrics ^[36]
• The opening sequence to The Revenge Files of Alistair Fury parodies the clip as well as the theme parodying the song itself.
• The 2016 music video for the original version of "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" by singer-songwriter Mike Posner is in black-and-white and shows the artist holding up cards displaying the song's lyrics.

Personnel

• Bob Dylan: acoustic guitar, harmonica, vocal
• Al Gorgoni: guitar
• Kenny Rankin: guitar ^[37]
• Bruce Langhorne: guitar
• Joseph Macho Jr.: bass
• William E. Lee: bass
• Bobby Gregg: drums

Personnel per Olof Bjorner.^[38]

Notes

External links

• bjorner.com A long list of covers
• bobdylan.com Lyrics and sound clips
• musicbox.sonybmg.com Music video