Stromal cell

Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. Fibroblasts and pericytes are among the most common types of stromal cells.

The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression.[1][2] In addition, by regulating local cytokine networks (e.g. M-CSF,[3] LIF[4]), bone marrow stromal cells have been described to be involved in human haematopoiesis and inflammatory processes.

Stromal cells (in the dermis layer) adjacent to the epidermis (the very top layer of the skin) release growth factors that promote cell division. This keeps the epidermis regenerating from the bottom while the top layer of cells on the epidermis are constantly being "sloughed" off the body. Certain types of skin cancers (basal cell carcinomas) cannot spread throughout the body because the cancer cells require nearby stromal cells to continue their division. The loss of these stromal growth factors when the cancer moves throughout the body prevents the cancer from invading other organs.

Stroma is made up of the non-malignant cells, but can provide an extracellular matrix on which tumor cells can grow.

References

  1. ↑ Lubik AA, Nouri M, Truong S, Ghaffari M, Adomat HH, Corey E, Cox ME, Li N, Guns ES, Yenki P, Pham S, Buttyan R (2016). "Paracrine Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Contributes Significantly to Acquired Steroidogenesis in the Prostate Tumor Microenvironment". PMID 27672740.
  2. ↑ Wiseman BS, Werb Z (May 2002). "Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer" (PDF). Science. 296 (5570): 1046–9. doi:10.1126/science.1067431. PMC 2788989Freely accessible. PMID 12004111.
  3. ↑ Fixe, Philippe (1997). "Spontaneous and inducible production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor by human bone marrow stromal cells". European Cytokine Network. 8: 91–5. PMID 9110154.
  4. ↑ LORGEOT, Valérie (28 February 1997). "SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCIBLE PRODUCTION OF LEUKAEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR BY HUMAN BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS". Cytokine. 9 (10): 754–758. doi:10.1006/cyto.1997.0225. Retrieved 18 April 2002.


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