Staines-upon-Thames

Staines-upon-Thames

Clarence Street and The Town Hall[n 1]
Staines-upon-Thames
 Staines-upon-Thames shown within Surrey
Area  7.86 km2 (3.03 sq mi)
Population 18,484 (2011 Census)[2]
   – density  2,352/km2 (6,090/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTQ045715
Civil parishn/a
DistrictSpelthorne
Shire countySurrey
RegionSouth East
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town STAINES-UPON-THAMES[3]
Postcode district TW18
Dialling code 01784
Police Surrey
Fire Surrey
Ambulance South East Coast
EU Parliament South East England
UK ParliamentSpelthorne
List of places
UK
England
Surrey

Coordinates: 51°26′00″N 0°31′01″W / 51.43327°N 0.5169°W / 51.43327; -0.5169

Staines-upon-Thames is a suburban town on the River Thames in the borough of Spelthorne in Surrey, England. Before 1 April 1965 it was in the historic county of Middlesex. Known to the Romans as Pontes or Ad Pontes, then as Stanes and subsequently Staines, the town officially adopted its longer current name on 20 May 2012. However the upon-Thames suffix is still often dropped in common usage.

The town is within the western bounds of the M25 motorway, 17 miles (27 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in London. It is within the London Commuter Belt of South East England, Greater London Urban Area and adjoins part of the Green Belt. Passing along the edge of the town and crossing Staines Bridge is the Thames Path National Trail.

Parts of the large Staines upon Thames post town are whole villages: Laleham, Stanwell and Wraysbury. The post town includes, due to the long association of Staines Bridge with a medieval causeway (levee) on the opposite bank of the river, half of a large locality of a neighbouring town, Egham, namely Egham Hythe, which contains a significant business area within the county, and some of the town's oldest listed buildings. The historic parish at no points exceeds 13 feet (4.0 m) above river level. It has no remaining woods, but a large number of parks, leisure centres, a football club which has reached the conference level and some multinational research/technology company offices. London Heathrow Airport is centred 3 miles (4.8 km) north and the railway station is a main stop on the London Waterloo to Reading Line.

Name

The name Staines derives from Middle English stanes, from Old English stānas ("stones").

History

Early history

Evidence of neolithic settlement has been found at Yeoveney on Staines Moor. There has been a crossing of the River Thames at Staines since Roman times. The emperor Claudius invaded Britain in AD 43. Staines was settled the same year. Within a decade, the first Staines Bridge was constructed as a crossing for the Devil's Highway between Londinium (London) and Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester). The Romans knew the place as Pontes ("bridges") or Ad Pontes ("[settlement] at the bridges") and it was mentioned in the early 3rd-century Antonine Itinerary. The Roman name implies the existence of more than one bridge; it is believed that these traversed Church Island.[4]

Stanes appears in the Middlesex section of the 1086 Domesday Book as a property held by Westminster Abbey. It was stated to occupy 19 hides of land and had 6 mills worth £3, 4s, 0d; 2 weirs worth 6s, 8d; 24 ploughs; meadows for 24 ploughs; and some cattle. It rendered £35.[5][6]

A border stone on the bank of the River Thames dated 1280 still remains, indicating the western limit of the City of London's jurisdiction over the Thames. Although familiarly known as the 'London Stone', it is not to be confused with the more famous – and probably more ancient – London Stone in Cannon Street in the City of London.

The barons assembled at Staines before they met King John at Runnymede in 1215, and Stephen Langton held a consecration there shortly after the sealing of Magna Carta. Sir Thomas More was tried in 1535 in a Staines public house, to avoid the outbreak of plague in London at that time. Kings and other important people must have passed through the town on many occasions: the church bells were rung several times in 1670, for instance, when the king and queen went through Staines.[7]

Between 1642 and 1648 during the Civil War, there were skirmishes on Staines Moor and numerous troop movements over Staines Bridge. The parish remained largely agricultural until the mid-19th century.[7]

Modern history

Staines was a regular staging post with coaching inns. It was used for an overnight horse change on The Trafalgar Way in 1805, announcing the victory over the combined French and Spanish fleet and the death of Nelson.[8] Samuel Lewis mentions the place in his 1848 Topographical Dictionary of England, saying that "The town, which has been much improved of late, consists principally of one wide street, containing several good houses, terminating at the river."[9]

The Church of England lost in the 19th century all its secular maintenance and relief functions (run by the vestries) nonetheless as Staines's local government is unparished, the parish boundary of the village of Laleham is the one used in road signs and official naming. Stanwell, forming its own wards, lost land in and around Leaside, north of the River Ash in the 20th century to Staines.

Laleham remains as at the mid 19th century a long tranche beginning east of the north-south Sweep's Ditch which runs south to the tip of the Penton Hook peninsular of the River Thames. Spelthorne Borough Council is one of the few Surrey districts divided completely equally in terms of number of councillors per wards yet the population of Laleham is insufficient to elect three councillors. Laleham does share a post town, and has a large sports ground named after Laleham and Staines. It instead forms one half of the ward Riverside [Staines] and Laleham, parts A and D of Spelthorne's 009 division in the United Kingdom Census 2011.[10]

The town was a major producer of linoleum after the formation of the Linoleum Manufacturing Company in 1864 by its inventor, Frederick Walton. Linoleum became the main industry of the town and was a major employer in the area until the 1960s. In 1876 about 220 and in 1911 about 350 people worked in the plant. By 1957 it employed some 300 people and in 1956 the factory produced about 2675 m2 of linoleum each week. The term 'Staines Lino' became a worldwide name but the factory was closed around 1970 and is the site is now occupied by the Two Rivers shopping centre, completed about 2000. A bronze statue of two lino workers in Staines High Street commemorates the Staines Lino Factory. The Spelthorne Museum has a display dedicated to the Linoleum Manufacturing Company. The Lagonda car factory was on the site of Sainsbury's supermarket in Egham Hythe.

The town was the site of the Staines air disaster in 1972, at the time the worst air crash in Britain until the Lockerbie disaster of 1988. (Since the Lockerbie crash was a terrorist act in Scotland, the Staines crash remains England's worst air disaster, and Britain's worst air accident.) The crash was commemorated in June 2004 by the opening of a dedicated garden near the crash site, created at the request of relatives, and the unveiling of a stained glass window at St. Mary's Church, where a memorial service was held.

Staines Urban District

In 1894, the Local Government Act 1894 created the Staines Urban District: this status conferred additional powers and responsibilities compared with the few Rural Districts in Middlesex County Council. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, Middlesex, apart from the Staines, Sunbury-on-Thames and Potters Bar Urban Districts, became part of Greater London. Staines and Sunbury were transferred to Surrey and Potters Bar to Hertfordshire. In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the Staines Urban District was combined with Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District to form the present-day borough of Spelthorne. Staines remains associated with the historical county of Middlesex through certain cultural and sporting affiliations, and until 1996 for postal purposes.

Staines-upon-Thames

The town changed its official name from Staines to Staines-upon-Thames on 20 May 2012.[11]

On 15 December 2011 the Spelthorne Borough Council voted 25 – 4,[11] with 6 abstentions (including all the councillors for Staines ward itself[12][13]) to change the name of the town to Staines-upon-Thames to try to boost the local economy by promoting its riverside location, and reportedly to discourage association with the fictional character Ali G.[11][14]

The name change proposal originated with the Spelthorne Business Forum.[15] A public consultation resulted in two to one approval,[14] but there were some public objections,[16] including one from the Staines Town Football Club which attempted to present 134 signatures to the council, but they were not received.[11][17] Adopting the name change, the council resolved to call on residents, businesses and public organisations to use the name Staines-upon-Thames, and to call on the Surrey County Council and Runnymede Borough Council to use Staines-upon-Thames for all official business.[12] Following a day of celebrations in the town including a regatta on the river, the Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, Dame Sarah Goad DCVO, formally changed the name on 20 May 2012 at 2 pm.[18] Royal Mail adopted the new name in mid-2012,[3] having previously stated that the name would remain as Staines on the Postcode Address File.

Economy

The town's proximity to London, Heathrow and the M25 motorway has attracted a number of companies: Bupa (healthcare), and Wood Group Kenny (Oil&Gas) have major offices here, whilst Siemens Building Automation Division and British Gas (part of Centrica) have their national headquarters here. Samsung R&D Institute UK (SRUK), Samsung's UK R&D division, is based in the town.

The town centre is fairly compact and mainly focused on a wide pedestrianised High Street. A market is held every Wednesday and Saturday in the pedestrianised High Street. It is one of the largest and busiest street markets in Surrey. A moderately-sized shopping centre, Elmsleigh, is behind the High Street. The Two Rivers retail park was opened in 2002 and is bisected by the confluence of the rivers Wraysbury and Colne. Staines has at least three parades of convenience shops and local professional services. The town is the home of the fictional character Ali G and indie rock band Hard-Fi. A range of pubs host live music evenings.[19]

Architecture and landmarks

The Old Town Hall

The original manor of Staines became derelict and was demolished. Staines Bridge spans the Thames with a three arch structure completed in 1832. Until the 14th century, Staines was the tidal limit, but this is now downstream at Teddington – a replica London Stone exists in the Lammas Recreation Ground.

The administrative offices of Spelthorne Borough Council are by one of the town's more linear parks. In the early 2000s, a public landscape area was constructed by the riverside conservation area with seating and sculptures to enhance the waterfront as a place to walk. The 'Town Hall' is a stuccoed Victorian blend of Italian and Flemish styles in a small market square, converted into an Art Centre in the 1990s, and later turned into a pub (now closed). Elaborate Georgian shophouses line Clarence Street (named after William, Duke of Clarence who became William IV).[19] Church Street and Lammas Lane house the oldest properties clustered around the parish church of St Mary. [20] Most neighbourhoods have green spaces such as (Staines Moor, Shortwood Common, Knowle Green, Leacroft, the Lammas and the sports fields and farms on the borders of Laleham. The last two are riverside parks with picnic areas and playgrounds. Many of the parks belonged to former grand houses, see Laleham for Lord Lucan's 'Laleham House' which became a Roman Catholic Abbey for a century. Since the late 20th century, listed luxury apartments in the post town have been created there and at Duncroft Manor.

Education

The town has the following schools:

Several other schools have previously existed in the town, including:

The closest further education institution to Staines is Brooklands College (formerly Spelthorne College) in neighbouring Ashford, approximately 3 miles to the east. Royal Holloway, University of London is 3 miles west of the town centre, off the A30 between Egham and Englefield Green.

Sport

Two affiliated senior association football clubs bear the name of Staines, namely Staines Town F.C. (senior status), and Staines Lammas F.C. (intermediate status). Staines Town play at the newly rebuilt Wheatsheaf Park ground and is a member of Isthmian League Premier Division. Staines Town enjoy a strong rivalry with Hampton & Richmond Borough. Staines Lammas were champions of the Combined Counties League Division One in the 2007–08 season and additionally run various age group teams. Staines is also home to several successful junior football clubs: Staines Town, Staines Lammas and Staines Albion, as well as girls' clubs Kempton Girls FC — Colne Valley and the U11, one of the best girls' junior clubs in Surrey.

Staines Rugby Football Club[22] used to play at the Lammas (a recreation ground in the town also known as the Ashby Recreation Ground) relocated to The Reeves (on Snakey Lane, Hanworth) in the 1960s but kept their name and has teams named Swans, Cobs and Mucky Ducks. The Club is in London 1 South league and has mini and youth sections.

Staines Boat Club is in immediately across the bridge in Egham Hythe and competes at a national level.

Staines Swimming Club[23] founded in the early 1900s and affiliated to the Amateur Swimming Association is based at Spelthorne Leisure Centre and provides competitive swimming from inter-club level up to national level.

Spelthorne Volleyball Club are also based at Spelthorne Leisure Centre and provide volleyball to a wide range of abilities and age groups.

Clubs in the borough cater to sailing, cricket, hockey, running, rambling, martial arts (jujitsu), rifle & pistol shooting, bowls, chess, bridge, snooker / darts / pool / poker, as well as a district table tennis league.

The town is also home to T.S Thamesis, Staines and Egham Sea Cadet Corps. This is a uniformed youth organisation for young people aged between 10 and 18 years old. They meet at The Lammas.

Historic sports

Motorcycle speedway racing was staged at a stadium in Wraysbury Road. Events in 1938 and 1939 are well known but it is possible that a venue was active from at least 1931 as a team named Staines raced at Caxton Speedway (near Cambridge, 1931 – 1933 inclusive). The stadium was also used for greyhound racing, as well as 'novelty' events such as cheetah racing.

Staines Stadium was famous from 1955 to 1960 during the early days of stock car racing in England, and featured in the 1955 movie "Stock Car" among others.[24]

Other sports which were once held in Staines but are no longer to be found there include: boxing (there were weekly programmes off the High Street in the 1930s, and local hearsay suggests bare-knuckle events were held at the Crooked Billet earlier in the 20th century); wrestling (bouts were included in boxing programmes of the 1930s); motorcycle football (a club existed in the 1960s; and American football (a short-lived team called Staines Removers entered the Budweiser League in 1988, but failed to start the season, although they did play some friendly matches at their base on The Lammas).

Transport

The town's station is Staines railway station and it is a stop on all services between London Waterloo and Weybridge (for the South West Main Line), Reading (for the Great Western Line) and Windsor and Eton Riverside. Semi-fast services serve the Waterloo to Reading Line, being the operator's secondary main line. Taxis are available from the station. The bus station is a five-minute walk from the railway station, with services in all directions including to Thorpe Park and Royal Holloway College. Staines-upon-Thames is also a short distance south of Heathrow Airport.

Rail infrastructure projects

There were proposals to build a new railway line, Airtrack, connecting the South West Main Line and/or London Gatwick to Heathrow Airport's Terminal 5 station. As part of these proposals, the former Staines High Street railway station was to be rebuilt by Two Rivers Shopping Centre and the High Street in the direction of Wraysbury railway station, using a generally unused arc from north to south in the town centre, towards Weybridge on the South West Main Line. In 2011 the Department for Transport announced it had decided that this would not go ahead because extra trains would delay road traffic using the level crossing at Egham. The existing Staines station would have an additional platform built instead on the relevant arc.

Demography and housing

 2011 Census Homes
Output area Detached Semi-detachedTerracedFlats and apartmentsCaravans/temporary/mobile homesshared between households[2]
Staines (ward)387 844 843 1,439 2 13
Staines South (ward)197 1,505 702 492 1 2
Spelthorne 009B (riverside north)174 225 9336505
Spelthorne 009C (riverside south)369 96 109148 10

The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

 2011 Census Key Statistics
Output area Population Households % Owned outright % Owned with a loanhectares[2]
Staines (ward)7,861 3,528 24.0%33.8% 550
Staines South (ward)7,123 2,899 29.9%37.7% 131
Spelthorne 009B (riverside north)1,818 862 37.6%37.5% 35
Spelthorne 009C (riverside south)1,662 723 51.5%39.1% 70

The proportion of households in the town who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Nearest places

Neighbouring towns and villages are Egham, Wraysbury, Ashford, Stanwell, Laleham and Chertsey. About 3 miles north east of Staines-upon-Thames is Heathrow airport. The area across the Thames between Egham and Staines-upon-Thames town centres is a ward, known as Egham Hythe.

Notable residents

Local media

A number of local newspapers are available in Staines-upon-Thames; these include:

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ↑ All three buildings are architecturally listed[1]
References
  1. ↑ Ordnance Survey map, courtesy of English Heritage
  2. 1 2 3 Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
  3. 1 2 "New sectors and localities to 20 July 2012" (PDF). Royal Mail Address Management Unit. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  4. ↑ Fred. S. Thacker The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs 1920 – republished 1968 David & Charles
  5. ↑ Surrey Domesday Book
  6. ↑ "Middlesex". The Domesday Book Online. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  7. 1 2 'Staines: Introduction', Susan Reynolds, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962) pp. 13–8. British History, a historic documents site from the University of Portsmouth and the History of Parliament Trust. Date accessed: 4 February 2006.
  8. ↑ Commemorated on a plaque in Staines Town Hall, a pub-restaurant
  9. ↑ Samuel Lewis (editor) (1848). "Staines". A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  10. ↑ Map of Spelthorne showing Ashford, East Bedfont, Feltham, Hampton, Hanworth, Laleham, Littleton, Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury and Teddington A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3 Susan Reynolds (1962), pp. 1–12. Date accessed: 11 December 2013
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Staines-upon-Thames renaming decision made". 16 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  12. 1 2 Spelthorne Council Minutes 15 December 2011
  13. ↑ Spelthorne Borough Councillors by ward 2011–2015
  14. 1 2 "Staines becomes Staines-upon-Thames to shake off Ali G link". BBC. 20 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  15. ↑ "Business leaders back Staines name change". getsurrey. 6 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  16. ↑ "Staines-upon-Thames 'sounds like pollution'". getsurrey. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  17. ↑ "Staines set to rebrand as Staines-upon-Thames". getsurrey. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  18. ↑ BBC report
  19. 1 2 Spelthorne Borough Council – Planning Policy
  20. ↑ Ordnance survey website
  21. ↑ "Riverbridge Primary School". Riverbridge.surrey.sch.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  22. ↑ "Welcome to Staines Rugby". Stainesrugby.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  23. ↑ "Staines Swimming Club". Stainesswimming.org. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  24. ↑ http://www.petermarsh.freeuk.com/stockcar/staines.html
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