Specialized High Schools Admissions Test

The Specialized High Schools Admissions Test (SHSAT) is an examination administered to eighth and ninth grade students residing in New York City and used to determine admission to all but one of the city's nine Specialized High Schools. In 2008, about 29,000 students took the test, and 6108 students were offered admission to one of the high schools based on the results.[1] On average, 30,000 students take this exam annually. The test is given each year in October and November, and students are informed of their results the following March. Those who receive offers decide by the middle of March whether to attend the school the following September. The test is independently produced and graded by American Guidance Service, a subsidiary of Pearson Education, under contract to the New York City Department of Education.[2]

Applicability

The SHSAT is used for admission to the following schools:[3]

According to a New York State law known as the Hecht-Calandra Act, this is the only method that these schools may use to determine admission.[4] Admission to the remaining specialized high school, Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, is determined by audition rather than by examination.[5]

Testing locations

The test is given in late October (8th grade) or early November (9th grade and 8th grade with IEP's, 504 plans, and ELL). The test is administered at testing centers located in each of the city's 5 boroughs. In recent years, students who reside in Manhattan take it at Stuyvesant High School, in the Bronx at Bronx High School of Science, in Brooklyn at Brooklyn Technical High School, in Queens at Long Island City High School or John Adams High School, and in Staten Island at Staten Island Technical High School.

Admission

Students must choose which schools they wish to apply to (up to 8) and indicate them in order of preference on the day of the exam. The test is offered to all eighth and ninth grade students residing within the 5 boroughs of New York City,[6] but the majority of the applicants are eighth graders.

The results of the SHSAT are ordered from the highest score to the lowest score. The list is processed in order by score, with each student being placed in their most-preferred school that still has open seats, and continuing until there are no remaining open seats at any school.[7]

Examination format

The SHSAT tests for logical thinking and high ability in both English and mathematics. Both sections consist of multiple-choice questions. It is recommended that not more than 75 minutes be spent on each section, but the time can be divided in any way a students wish. There is no break between the sections. The exam is only offered once a year, and can be taken in both the eighth and ninth grades if the student wishes. Electronic calculators and other calculation aids may not be used during the test.

Verbal

45 Multiple Choice Questions

Mathematics

50 Multiple Choice Questions

Basic math
Algebra
Factoring
Substitution
Geometry
Basic Coordinate Graphing
Logic
Word Problems

Grading

There is no penalty for wrong answers.[8] The total number of correct answers (the raw score) is converted into a scaled score through a formula that the Department of Education does not release, and which varies from year to year. This scaled score, an integer between 200 and 800, is used to determine a student's standing. The scaled score is not proportional to the raw scores.[9]

The cut-off scores for each school vary yearly, determined simply by the number of open places in each school and how the candidates score. Students are notified of their scores in March. The Department of Education does not publish score results, the numbers below are self-reported by interested parents on public forums.[10] For the fall 2006 exam, the lowest cut-off score was 478. The highest cut-off score was 558 for Stuyvesant High School, historically the most desired of the schools.[11] The second highest cut-off score was 510 for Bronx Science. For the fall 2007 exam, the highest cut-off score was 562 for Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant accepted anyone who scored 562 or higher while Bronx Science had a cut-off score of 509. Brooklyn Tech had a cutoff of 480.

For Fall 2012, as reported in Spring 2013, the cut off score for Stuyvesant was 562, for Bronx Science the score was 513, Staten Island Tech 503, American Studies at Lehman was 501, for Queens 500, for HSMSE 498, Brooklyn Tech 483, Brooklyn Latin 471.[12]

The cutoff score for 2014 are the following (these numbers are informally self-reported by parents, and not official):

2014 (cutoff score / high score) Stuyvesant 559 / 697 Bronx Science 517 / 678 Brooklyn Latin 480 / 541 Brooklyn Technical 486 / 628 HSMSE @ CCNY 512 / 610 (cutoff probably still too high) HSAS @ Lehman 506 / 646 Queens Science @ York College TBD / 612 Staten Island Tech 506 / 638

Department of Education programs

The New York Specialized High School Institute (SHSI) is a free program run by the City of New York for middle school students with high test scores on city-wide tests and high report card grades. The program's original intent was to expand the population of Black and Hispanic students by offering them test-taking tips and extra lessons, however anyone can apply. As of 2006, 3,781 students are enrolled at 17 locations. They spend 16 months, starting in the summer after sixth grade, preparing for the test.[13]

Certain applicants who have scores just below the cut-off score and are recommended by their guidance counselor may qualify for the Summer Discovery Program. Successful completion of this program allows the students to gain admission to a specialized high school. The students must:[5]

1. have scored close to the admission cut-off score on the SHSAT; and
2. be certified as disadvantaged by their middle school according to any one of the following criteria:
a. attend a Title 1 school and be from a family whose total income is documented as meeting federal income eligibility guidelines established for school food services by the NYS Department of Agriculture; or
b. be receiving assistance from the Human Resources Administration; or
c. be a member of a family whose income is documented as being equivalent to or below Department of Social Services standards; or
d. be a foster child or ward of the state; or
e. initially have entered the United States within the last four years and live in a home in which the language customarily spoken is not English; and
3. be recommended by their local school as having high potential for the specialized high school program.

Fairness

A November 2005, a New York Times article found that students scoring in the 90th percentile on both sections would not gain admittance to their first choice schools; meanwhile those scoring in the 99th percentile on one section and the 50th percentile on the other, would.[14] This happens because the final grade and percentile represent the total score and the curve within sections.

Admission is based solely on how the student does on the SHSAT. The New York City Department of Education created the New York Specialized High School Institute (SHSI), a free program run by the Department for middle school students with high test scores on city-wide tests and solid report card grades. The program's original intent was to expand the population of African American and Hispanic students in the science high schools by offering them test-taking tips and extra lessons; however, students of any racial or ethnic background can apply for admission to the Institute. As of 2006, 3,781 students are enrolled at 17 locations. Students spend 16 months, starting in the summer after sixth grade, preparing for the test.[15]

In October 2013, it was reported that the number of black and Latino students being admitted into SHSAT schools over the past five years had declined. In response, the Community Service Society and the NAACP filed a civil rights suit against the US Department of Education. The suit claims that NY State Law requires only three schools to use the SHSAT for admissions. Those schools are Bronx High School of Science, Brooklyn Tech, and Stuyvesant. The other SHSAT schools are not required by law to use the SHSAT and their doing so violates the rights of black and Latino students. They argue that the SHSAT is inherently biased against black and Latino students. The NY City Department of Education holds that three of the eight schools are required by law to use the SHSAT.[16]

As of 2015, there has been widespread dissent among Asian Americans, who account for 2/3 of the population attending the top 3 specialized high schools. Mayor De-Blasio's administration began to look at alternatives to the SHSAT score as the sole means of admissions. Factors such as attendance, GPA, ethnicity, personal recommendation, and geographical locations are considered. A coalition between alumni associations, alumni, and parents of the SHS's was formed to combat these changes.[17] An argument that is used is that admission is a zero sum game, and by bestowing admission to Blacks and Latinos, the city is essentially taking seats from one minority (Asian Americans) and giving it to another. Note that most students in SHS's eat free or reduced lunch, that is a status granted to families close to the poverty line.

Use by TJHSST

A modified version of the SHSAT is used by the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology of Northern Virginia. TJHSST's version of the test offers only two hours to complete the test rather than the 150 minutes of the original SHSAT. Additionally, it contains an additional five Logical Reasoning questions and reduces the amount of Reading Comprehension questions in each reading passage to five. TJHSST does not use a formula to determine a scaled score, instead requiring that an applicant have a raw score of at least 60 and a GPA of at least 3.0 and using a sliding scale to determine which of the remaining applicants become semifinalists.

Sliding Scale

Applicants are required to meet the sliding scale in order to proceed to the second round. Additionally, applicants must have a Mathematics score of at least 30 in order to proceed.

References

  1. ↑ "Chancellor Announces Specialized High School Admissions Results". New York City Department of Education. February 5, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  2. ↑ Feinman, Joshua. "High Stakes, but Low Validity? A Case Study of Standardized Tests and Admissions into New York City Specialized High Schools" (PDF). EDUCATION POLICY RESEARCH UNIT. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Test Information: Specialized High Schools Admissions". NYC Department of Education. 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2010. Archived April 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Kim, Rachel. "Racial Disparity at Stuyvesant". Stuyvesant HS Spectator.
  5. 1 2 "NYC DoE Specialized High Schools Student Handbook" (PDF). NYC Department of Education. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  6. ↑ Krane, Stephen (2001). New York City Specialized Science High Schools Admission Test. ARCO. p. 5. ISBN 0-7689-0711-X.
  7. ↑ "How the High School Admissions Process Works". NYC Department of Education. 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  8. ↑ http://www.nelnetsolutions.com/testprep/tips.asp?id=874&sponsor=1&path=hs.pft.shsat
  9. ↑ Zimmermanwd, L.; Wheaton, Pamela (February 13, 2007). Specialized HS results out; more schools, fewer applicants. Inside Schools. Retrieved February 9, 2010. Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ http://schools.nyc.gov/accountability/resources/testing/shsat.htm
  11. ↑ Wheaton, Pamela (February 13, 2007). "Specialized HS results out; more schools, fewer applicants". Inside Schools. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  12. ↑ http://www.theschoolboards.com/showthread.php/3338-Specialized-High-School-SHSAT-Cutoff-Scores-for-2013
  13. ↑ Gootman, Elissa (August 18, 2006). "In Elite N.Y. Schools, a Dip in Blacks and Hispanics". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  14. ↑ Herszenhorn, D. M. (November 12, 2005). "Admission Test's Scoring Quirk Throws Balance Into Question". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Secret Apartheid II". Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now. 1996. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  16. ↑ http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/education/drop-black-latino-numbers-elite-nyc-schools-reversed-article-1.1498580
  17. ↑ http://coalitionedu.org/
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