Soyuz 10

Soyuz 10

Salyut 1 (left) and Soyuz 10 during a docking attempt.
Operator	Soviet space program
COSPAR ID	1971-034A[1]
SATCAT №	5172[1]
Mission duration	1 day, 23 hours, 45 minutes, 54 seconds
Orbits completed	32
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Soyuz 7K-OKS
Manufacturer	Experimental Design Bureau OKB-1
Launch mass	6,800 kilograms (15,000 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov
Callsign	Гранит (Granit - "Granite")[2]
Start of mission
Launch date	22 April 1971, 23:54:06 (1971-04-22UTC23:54:06Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz
Launch site	Baikonur 1/5[3]
End of mission
Landing date	24 April 1971, 23:40:00 (1971-04-24UTC23:41Z) UTC
Landing site	120 kilometres (75 mi) NW of Karaganda
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	209 kilometres (130 mi)
Apogee	258 kilometres (160 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	89.1 minutes
Epoch	23 April 1971[1]
Soyuz programme (Manned missions) ← Soyuz 9 Soyuz 11 →

Soyuz 10 (Russian: Союз 10, Union 10) was launched on 22 April 1971 as the world's first mission to the world's first space station, the Soviet Salyut 1. The docking was not successful and the crew returned to Earth without having entered the station. It would be the first of numerous docking failures in the Soviet space station program.^[4]

Orbit

Soyuz 10 was launched on 22 April 1971 to dock with Salyut 1. The spacecraft was the first of the upgraded Soyuz 7K-OKS, featuring the new "probe and drogue" docking mechanism with internal crew transfer capability, intended for space station visits.

Mission

The cosmonauts Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, and Nikolai Rukavishnikov were able to navigate their Soyuz 10 spacecraft to the Salyut 1 station, yet during docking they ran into problems. The automatic control system failed during approach due to a serious design oversight - when soft dock was performed, the computer sensed an abnormality in the spacecraft's alignment and began firing the attitude control jets to compensate. With Soyuz 10 being pushed to one side by the attitude control system, it became impossible to achieve hard dock and large quantities of propellant were expended doing so. The docking attempt was called off, but further problems occurred when the probe would not come out of the space station's docking cone. The obvious solution was to simply jettison the orbital module and leave it attached to Salyut 1, but this would make it impossible for future Soyuz missions to dock and thus the space station would have to be abandoned. Eventually, ground controllers figured out that the cosmonauts could throw a circuit breaker in the docking mechanism, as interrupting the power supply would cause the probe to automatically retract. This procedure worked and undocking was completed.^[2] The automatic control system would be redesigned on future Soyuz spacecraft.

After finally undocking, one last hitch presented itself when toxic fumes began to fill the capsule during reentry, causing Rukavishnikov to pass out – all three crew members were recovered unscathed however.

Crew

Backup crew

Reserve crew

See also

• Soyuz T-13, a mission to manually dock to the crippled Salyut 7 space station.
• Soyuz T-15, a mission to ferry equipment from Salyut 7 to Mir, which had to manually maneuver and dock to Mir.

References

Soyuz human spaceflight programme
Main topics	Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz (spacecraft) Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1/5 Site 31/6 List of Soyuz missions List of Soviet manned space missions List of Russian manned space missions
Current missions	Soyuz MS-02 MS-03
Future missions	2017 Soyuz MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 2018 Soyuz MS-08 MS-09 MS-10
Past missions (by spacecraft type)	Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970) Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme) Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10 Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970) Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382 Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972) Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2† Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971) Soyuz 10† 11† Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981) Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40 Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976) Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz Test Project) 22 Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976) Kosmos 670 772† 869† Soyuz-T (1978–1986) Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15 Soyuz-TM (1986–2002) Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34 Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012) Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22 Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016) Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M Soyuz MS (2016–present) Soyuz MS-01
Uncrewed missions are designated with Kosmos numbers; crewed missions get a Soyuz number. Failed missions are denoted with a † symbol. Cancelled missions are in italics.