Singapore Changi Airport

"Changi Airport" redirects here. For Changi Air Base (West) & RAF Changi, see Changi Air Base.
Singapore Changi Airport
Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura
新加坡樟宜机场
(Xīnjiāpō Zhāngyí Jīchǎng)
சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி
சர்வதேச விமானநிலையம் 
(Ciṅkappūr Cāṅki Vimana Nilaiyam)
IATA: SIN – ICAO: WSSS
– WMO: 48698
Summary
Airport type Public / Military
Owner Government of Singapore[1]
Operator
Serves Singapore
Location Changi, Singapore
Opened 1 July 1981 (operational)
29 December 1981 (official)
Hub for
Time zone SST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL 6.66 m / 22 ft
Coordinates 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306Coordinates: 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306
Website www.changiairport.com
Map
SIN/WSSS

Location in Singapore

Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02L/20R[N 1] 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02C/20C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02R/20L[N 2] 2,750 9,022 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Passenger Movements Increase 55,448,964
Air Freight Movements (tons) Increase 1,853,087
Aircraft Movements Increase 346,334

Singapore Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS), or simply Changi Airport, is the primary civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia. It is currently the World's Best Airport (Skytrax 2016),[4] for the fourth consecutive year and counting (Skytrax's World's Best Airport 2013-2016) and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger traffic and cargo traffic. The airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi) northeast[5] from Marina Bay (in Singapore's Downtown Core), on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site. It is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Scoot, Tigerair, Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation.

Overview of Changi Airport

Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to some 320 cities in about 80 countries and territories worldwide. Each week, about 6,800 flights land or depart from Changi, or about one every 90 seconds, with 55.4 million passengers passing through the airport in 2015.[3]

For the 2015 full-year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 55,448,964 passengers (a 2.5% increase over the previous year), the most in its 34-year history. This made it the seventh busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the second busiest in Asia by international passenger traffic in 2015. In December 2015, Changi Airport registered a total of 5.29 million passenger movements, the highest ever traffic the airport has achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily record was also broken on the Saturday before Christmas (19 December 2015), with more than 192,000 passengers passing through during the 24 hours. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.85 million tonnes of cargo in 2015. The total number of commercial aircraft movements increased by 1.4% from the previous year to 346,334 in 2015.[3]

The airport has won over 500 awards since 1981, including 28 "Best Airport" awards in just 2015 alone.[6] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its reputation for setting standards in airport service quality.[7]

Passenger Terminals

Changi Airport has three main passenger terminals, arranged in an elongated inverted 'U' shape. Currently the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 66 million passengers.

There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines but with an access fee.

Former Terminal

The Budget Terminal, opened on 26 March 2006 and closed on 25 September 2012.

Future Terminals

Operations

Terminal 2 Check-in area
Terminal 3 airside area
Aerial view of Singapore Changi Airport

Passenger operations

As all passenger traffic out of the airport is international in nature, the three major terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel.

After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic, which hit the 30-million mark for the first time a year later in 2004. In March 2008 and prior to the full effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 on the global economy, the airport predicted that it will handle 50 million passengers by 2012,[10] with increases due to the opening of casinos in Singapore, together with the phased liberalisation of the Asean aviation sector. As predicted, the airport surpassed the 50-million mark for the first time in history in 2012.[7]

Cargo operations

The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group manages the Changi Airfreight Centre[11] located in the north of the airport premises.[12] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th-busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth-busiest in Asia.[13] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport, although it has initiated attempts to diversify into the perishable air cargo market.

In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight, which is more than the total combined weight of four Burj Khalifa skyscrapers.

Air Cargo World awarded Changi Airport the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award for airports handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.[14]

Key markets

In 2015, Indonesia was the largest market for Singapore Changi Airport, followed by Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines and Vietnam.[15]

Safety and security

The Changi Airport Group manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAG manages the customer aspects of the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Unit oversees the airport's compliance with aviation security (AVSEC) policies, manages AVSEC-related projects.[12] Operationally, the airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division of the CAG.[16] The AES handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters through its specialists operating from two main fire stations (Station 1 by Runway 1 along W. Perimeter Road) and Station 2 by Runway 2 along Changi Coast Road), a sub-station (Domestic Fire Station), a sea rescue base (at CAFHI jetty supporting Griffon Hoverworks 2000TD and 8000TD rescue hovercrafts, Rigid-hulled inflatable boats) around the airport.[17]

The airport's security comes under the regulatory purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force. The day to day discharge of security functions at the airport are performed by auxiliary police forces including Aetos Security Management, Certis CISCO and SATS Security Services, of which Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Dnata and Singapore Changi Airport Terminal Services respectively.[18] On 29 April 2008, CAAS then signed its biggest single security contract for all airport related security services by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Singapore Changi Airport, as well as Seletar Airport, Changi Airfreight Centre, and the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre.[19] It involves the deployment of about 2,600 Certis Cisco personnel, including armed Auxiliary Police Officers and unarmed aviation security officers to perform tasks including screening checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft.[20]

Since the 11 September 2001 attacks and naming of the airport as a terrorism target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been stepped up. Roving patrol teams consisting of SAF and SPF officers, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, patrol the terminals at random intervals.[21] Officers from the Gurkha Contingent are also deployed to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge," imposed since 2002.[22]

In 2005 an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done just before check-in previously within public view. Carry-on luggage and persons screening are conducted at the individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. A perimeter intrusion detection system for Changi Airport's perimeter fence has also been put in place to further strengthen security of the airfield, while a biometric access control system for staff movement has been put in place since 2006.

Airlines and destinations

Countries served by flights from Changi Airport (includes seasonal and future destinations).
Red: Singapore
Blue: Passenger and cargo destinations
Purple: Cargo destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
AirAsiaKota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Langkawi, Miri, Penang 1
Air ChinaBeijing–Capital, Chengdu 2
Air FranceParis–Charles de Gaulle 1
Air IndiaChennai, Delhi, Mumbai 2
Air India ExpressChennai, Kolkata,[23] Tiruchirappalli 2
Air Mauritius Mauritius 1
Air New ZealandAuckland 3
Air NiuginiPort Moresby 1
All Nippon AirwaysTokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita 2
Asiana AirlinesSeoul–Incheon 3
Bangkok AirwaysKoh Samui 1
Batik AirJakarta–Soekarno Hatta 3
Biman Bangladesh AirlinesDhaka 1
British AirwaysLondon–Heathrow, Sydney 1
Cathay PacificBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong 1
Cebu PacificCebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Manila 2
China AirlinesKaohsiung, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan 3
China Eastern AirlinesKunming, Nanjing, Shanghai–Pudong, Wuxi 3
China Southern AirlinesGuangzhou 1
Chongqing AirlinesChongqing[24] 1
Delta Air Lines Tokyo-Narita 1
Druk AirKolkata, Paro 1
EmiratesBrisbane, Colombo (ends 7 January 2017; resumes 8 April 2017),[25] Dubai–International, Melbourne 1
Ethiopian AirlinesAddis Ababa (resumes 1 June 2017)[26] 3
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi 2
EVA AirTaipei–Taoyuan 3
Fiji AirwaysNadi 1
FinnairHelsinki 1
FireflyIpoh, Kuala Lumpur–Subang, Kuantan 2
Garuda IndonesiaAmsterdam, London–Heathrow,[Note 1] Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Medan, Surabaya 3
IndiGoChennai 2
Indonesia AirAsiaBandung, Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Semarang, Surakarta/Solo, Yogyakarta 1
Japan AirlinesTokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita 1
Jet AirwaysBangalore (begins 14 December 2016),[27] Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai 3
Jetstar AirwaysDenpasar, Melbourne, Perth 1
Jetstar Asia AirwaysBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Da Nang, Darwin, Denpasar, Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Manila, Medan, Osaka–Kansai, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sanya,[28] Shantou, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Yangon 1
Jetstar Pacific AirlinesHo Chi Minh City 1
KLMAmsterdam, Denpasar 1
Korean AirSeoul–Incheon 2
Lao AirlinesVientiane 2
Lion AirJakarta–Soekarno Hatta 3
LufthansaFrankfurt 2
Malaysia AirlinesKuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Miri 2
Malindo AirKuala Lumpur–International 3
Myanmar Airways InternationalYangon 1
Myanmar National AirlinesYangon 3
Oman AirMuscat 3
Philippine AirlinesCebu (begins 16 December 2016),[29] Manila 1
Philippines AirAsiaCebu[30] 1
QantasBrisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney 1
Qatar AirwaysDoha 3
Regent AirwaysDhaka 1
Royal Brunei AirlinesBandar Seri Begawan 2
SaudiaJeddah, Riyadh 3
ScootAmritsar, Athens (begins 20 June 2017),[31] Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chennai, Dalian,[32] Gold Coast, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jaipur, Jeddah, Kaohsiung, Melbourne, Nanjing, Osaka–Kansai, Perth, Qingdao, Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita 2
Shenzhen AirlinesGuangzhou, Shenzhen 1
Siam AirBangkok–Don Mueang[33] 3
Sichuan AirlinesChengdu 2
SilkAirBalikpapan, Bandung, Bangalore, Cairns, Cebu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chongqing, Coimbatore, Da Nang, Darwin, Davao, Denpasar, Fuzhou[34] Hanoi, Hyderabad, Kalibo, Kathmandu, Kochi, Koh Samui, Kolkata, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Kunming, Langkawi, Lombok, Luang Prabang,[35] Makassar, Malé, Manado, Mandalay, Medan, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Semarang, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Thiruvananthapuram, Vientiane ,[35] Visakhapatnam, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangon, Yogyakarta
Seasonal Charter: Naha[36] 		2
SilkAir
operated for Air Timor		Dili 2
SilkAir
operated for Singapore Airlines		Bandar Seri Begawan 2
Singapore AirlinesBandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Colombo, Denpasar, Dhaka, Dubai–International, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Malé, Manila, Surabaya, Yangon 2
Singapore AirlinesAdelaide, Ahmedabad, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Canberra,[37] Cape Town, Chennai, Christchurch, Copenhagen, Delhi, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Istanbul–Atatürk, Johannesburg, Kolkata, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manchester, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wellington,[37] Zürich
Seasonal: Sapporo–Chitose 		3
Spring AirlinesShanghai–Pudong 1
SriLankan AirlinesColombo 3
Swiss International Air LinesZürich 2
Thai AirAsiaBangkok–Don Mueang, Krabi, Pattaya, Phuket 1
Thai AirwaysBangkok–Suvarnabhumi 1
Thai Lion AirBangkok–Don Mueang 3
TigerairBangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Clark, Chiang Mai, Denpasar, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Hanoi, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Ipoh, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Jinan, Kalibo, Kochi, Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Langkawi, Lucknow, Macau, Malé, Manila, Nanning, Ningbo, Penang, Phuket, Quanzhou, Shenzhen, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tiruchirapalli, Wuxi,[38] Xi'an, Yangon, Zhengzhou 2
Tigerair TaiwanTaipei–Taoyuan (ends 2 January 2017)[39] 2
Turkish AirlinesIstanbul–Atatürk 1
United AirlinesChicago–O'Hare, Hong Kong, San Francisco 2
Uzbekistan AirwaysKuala Lumpur–International, Tashkent 1
VietJet AirHo Chi Minh City 3
Vietnam AirlinesHanoi, Ho Chi Minh City 3
West AirChongqing 1
XiamenAirFuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen 1
  1. ↑ All Garuda Indonesia flights from both Amsterdam and London Heathrow to Jakarta are non-stop.

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargoHong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Phnom Penh[40][41]
Air Hong KongHong Kong[42]
ANA CargoOkinawa, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
ASL Airlines BelgiumLiège, Shanghai–Pudong
Cardig AirBalikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta[43]
CargoluxAnchorage, Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur–International, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo AirlinesBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation
operated by AeroLogic		Bangalore, Leipzig/Halle,[44]
DHL Aviation
operated by Polar Air Cargo		Anchorage, Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Seoul–Incheon[45]
Emirates SkyCargoDubai–Al Maktoum,[46] Melbourne, Sydney
Etihad Cargo[47][48]Abu Dhabi, Brisbane, Sydney
EVA Air CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan[49]
FedEx ExpressAnchorage, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Garuda Indonesia CargoDenpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Medan, Surabaya
Hong Kong AirlinesHong Kong[50]
Korean Air CargoHanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
My Indo AirlinesBalikpapan, Jakarta–Halim Perdanakusuma, Surabaya[51]
Nippon Cargo AirlinesBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Singapore Airlines CargoAdelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi,[52] Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Sharjah, Sydney
Transmile Air ServicesKuala Lumpur–International, Labuan
Tri-MG Intra Asia AirlinesBalikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta
Turkish Airlines CargoIstanbul–Atatürk, Karachi
UPS AirlinesHong Kong, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan

Operational Statistics

Singapore Changi Airport - Passenger Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Airfreight Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Aircraft Movements (1998-2015)
Operational statistics
Year Passenger
movements		 Passenger %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Airfreight
movements
(tonnes)		 Airfreight %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Aircraft
movements		 Aircraft %
Change Over
Previous Year
199823,803,180Steady1,283,660Steady165,242Steady
199926,064,645Increase 9.50%1,500,393Increase 16.8%165,961Increase 0.43%
200028,618,200Increase 9.79%1,682,489Increase 12.1%173,947Increase 4.81%
200128,093,759Decrease 1.83%1,507,062Decrease 11.6%179,359Increase 3.11%
200228,979,344Increase 3.15%1,637,797Increase 8.67%174,820Decrease 2.53%
200324,664,137Decrease 14.9%1,611,407Decrease 1.63%154,346Decrease 11.7%
200430,353,565Increase 23.0%1,775,092Increase 10.1%184,932Increase 19.8%
200532,430,856Increase 6.81%1,833,721Increase 3.30%204,138Increase 10.3%
200635,033,083Increase 8.02%1,931,881Increase 5.35%214,000Increase 4.83%
200736,701,556Increase 4.76%1,918,159Decrease 0.69%221,000Increase 3.27%
200837,694,824Increase 2.70%1,883,894Decrease 1.81%232,000Increase 4.97%
200937,203,978Decrease 1.30%1,633,791Decrease 15.3%240,360Increase 3.60%
201042,038,777Increase 13.0%1,813,809Increase 11.0%263,593Increase 9.66%
2011[53]46,500,000Increase 10.6%1,870,000Increase 3.14%301,700Increase 14.4%
2012[54]51,181,804Increase 10.0%1,806,225Decrease 3.41%324,722Increase 7.63%
2013[55]53,726,087Increase 4.97%1,850,233Increase 2.43%343,800Increase 5.87%
2014[56]54,093,070Increase 0.75%1,843,799Decrease 0.34%341,386Decrease 0.70%
2015[57]55,448,964Increase 2.50%1,853,087Increase 0.50%346,334Increase 1.44%

Accidents and incidents

Ground transportation

Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city-centre. At a distance of about 20 km (12 mi), the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land, thus minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast.

While configured in a compact configuration such that the three main passenger terminal buildings are sited adjacent to each other, allowing for travellers to venture between terminals on foot, the Changi Airport Skytrain people-mover system was added to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers. The system was upgraded in 2007 to Mitsubishi technology, connecting to Terminal 3 and separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks.

Inter-Terminal Transportation

The Changi Airport Skytrain
Entrance to Changi Airport MRT Station

The Changi Airport Skytrain operates between Terminals 1, 2 and 3, with a total of seven stations. The trains have separate cars for air-side (transit) and land-side (public) passengers.

External connections

Mass Rapid Transit

The airport is connected to the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network, with Changi Airport MRT station located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 and directly accessible from both terminals. A direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on 8 February 2002 (then accessible only via Terminal 2). This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Changi Airport and Tanah Merah MRT stations on 22 July 2003,[58] when it was found that few passengers actually use this route, compared to the number of commuters who need to travel from the city to Tampines and Pasir Ris. Cross-platform transfers are therefore necessary at Tanah Merah to connect to the rest of the network.

Bus

Buses were one of the main methods of transport for passengers and staff until the opening of Changi Airport station. Services operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go-Ahead Group uses the bus terminals in the basement level of the three main terminals, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminals 1, and 2, and back to their destination of origin.

Coaches to and from Johor Bahru are also available. Operated by Transtar Travel, the service will start at coach stands at Terminals 1, 2, 3 and end at Larkin Terminal.

There is also a free shuttle bus service plying between Changi Airport (T3) and Changi Business Park. This service is a 9-stop route, running from Mondays to Fridays, except public holidays.

Taxi

Taxis are available at the taxi stands at the arrival halls of each terminal. There is an additional airport surcharge (S$3.00-5.00)[59] for all trips originating from the airport.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.
  2. ↑ Runway 02R/20L is currently closed for development works.[2] Previously, it was restricted to the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base). It is being extended to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) for commercial use in the future.

Citations

  1. ↑ The Official Site of. Changi Airport Group. Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "LOCATION OF RUNWAY 02R/20L IN RELATION TO RUNWAY 02L/20R AND RUNWAY 02C/20C" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Passenger, airfreight & aircraft movements statistics for 2015". Changi Airport Group. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  4. ↑ "Singapore Changi Airport named as the World's Best Airport in 2016". Skytrax. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  5. ↑ "Regulations" (PDF).
  6. ↑ "accolades — Changi Airport Group". Changi Airport. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  7. 1 2 A record 51 million passengers for Changi Airport in 2012.
  8. ↑ "Changi's Budget Terminal to make way for new and improved terminal".
  9. ↑ "Changi Airport's Terminal 5 ready in mid-2020s". Yahoo News Singapore. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  10. ↑ "Changi poised to handle 50 million passengers a year by 2012". Channelnewsasia.com. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  11. ↑ "changi airfreight centre". Changi Airport Group. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  12. 1 2 "Our Divisions". Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
  13. ↑ Year to date International Freight Traffic. aci.aero
  14. ↑ "2013 Awards". Air Cargo World. 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  15. ↑ "Singapore Changi Airport 2015 Top 10 Country Markets". Changi Airport Group. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  16. ↑ Changi Airport Group Annual Report 2009/10. (PDF) . Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  17. ↑ "civil fire stations". Changi Airport Group. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  18. ↑ "Changi Airport's third ground handling licence awarded to ASIG". Channel NewsAsia. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  19. ↑ "Certis CISCO awarded $360 million Master Security Services Contract by CAAS". Certissecurity.com. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  20. ↑ 50 Years of Securing Your World. Annual Review 2008/2009. certissecurity.com (PDF) . Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  21. ↑ "Counter Terrorism Efforts at Singapore's Changi Airport". South Asia Analysis Group. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  22. ↑ "Changi Airport to Impose Security Levy". Straits Times. Singapore. 10 January 2002. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
  23. ↑ "Air India Express adds Kolkata service from Nov 2016". routesonline. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  24. ↑ "重庆航空将于9月9日起开通重庆直飞新加坡航线". Xinhua News. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  25. ↑ "Emirates Colombo – Singapore 17Q1 service updates". routesonline. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  26. ↑ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/270168/ethiopian-adds-chengdu-from-june-2017/
  27. ↑ Liu, Jim (10 October 2016). "Jet Airways schedules Bangalore – Singapore launch in Dec 2016". Airline Route. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  28. ↑ "Jetstar Asia to commence brand new service from Singapore to sunny Sanya".
  29. ↑ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/269551/philippine-airlines-schedules-cebu-singapore-flights-from-dec-2016/
  30. ↑ http://thestandard.com.ph/business/219415/ph-air-asia-adds-singapore-flight.html
  31. ↑ "Scoot to fly to Europe from next year, starting with Athens".
  32. ↑ "Scoot Adds Dalian Service; NE China W16 Changes". routesonline. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  33. ↑ "Siam Air: Flight Schedule". Siam Air. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  34. ↑ "SilkAir Plans Fuzhou Launch from Nov 2016". routesonline. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  35. 1 2 "SilkAir Resumes Laos Service from late-Oct 2016". airlineroute. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  36. ↑ "SilkAir Plans Okinawa Charter in June 2016". airlineroute. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  37. 1 2 "News releases".
  38. ↑ "tigerair Adds Singapore – Wuxi Service from late-April 2016". airlineroute. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  39. ↑ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/269211/tigerair-taiwan-cancels-2-routes-from-jan-2017/
  40. ↑ "AirBridgeCargo Airlines debuts at Singapore Changi Airport with direct freighter flights from Moscow".
  41. ↑ "AirBridgeCargo is on its way developing services in Asia | Company news | Media Centre | AirBridgeCargo". airbridgecargo.com.
  42. ↑ "Air HongKong". Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  43. ↑ "Cardig Air Scheduled Timetable". Cardigair.com. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  44. ↑ "2013 summer schedule". Aero Logic. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  45. ↑ "Polar Air Cargo Worldwide launches new freighter service to Singapore" (PDF).
  46. ↑ "Emirates SkyCargo Freighter Operations get ready for DWC move". Emirates SkyCargo. 2 April 2014.
  47. ↑ "Etihad Cargo Flight Schedule" (PDF).
  48. ↑ "Etihad Cargo operates Boeing 777F to Singapore" (PDF).
  49. ↑ "EVA Air Cargo Schedule" (PDF).
  50. ↑ "Hong Kong Airlines Cargo". Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  51. ↑ "New Route From Surabaya to Singapore". My Indo Airlines. Retrieved 29 Jan 2015.
  52. ↑ "Singapore Airlines Cargo to commence Singapore-Hanoi freighter service in Nov-2014". CAPA. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  53. ↑ "2011 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  54. ↑ "2012 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  55. ↑ "2013 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  56. ↑ "2014 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  57. ↑ "2015 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics". Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  58. ↑ "Singapore MRT (Metro)". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  59. ↑ https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/taxis/fares-and-payment-methods.html

Bibliography

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Singapore Changi Airport.

Media related to Singapore Changi Airport at Wikimedia Commons

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