Prunella (plant)
| Prunella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prunella vulgaris (Common Self-heal) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Prunella L. |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine.
Habitat
Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but Prunella vulgaris (the Common Self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Self-heals are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints.[1][2][3]
Biological descriptions
The common name "self-heal" derives from the use of some species to treat a range of minor disorders. Self-heal can be grown from seed, or divide clumps in spring or autumn.
- Species[1]
- Prunella albanica Pénzes - Albania
- Prunella × bicolor Beck - parts of Europe (P. grandiflora × P. laciniata)
- Prunella × codinae Sennen - Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. laciniata)
- Prunella cretensis Gand. - Crete
- Prunella × gentianifolia Pau - Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. vulgaris)
- Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler - central + southern Europe from Caucasus to Russia; Caucasus
- Prunella hyssopifolia L. - Spain, France, Italy, Morocco
- Prunella × intermedia Link - central + southwestern Europe (P. laciniata × P. vulgaris)
- Prunella laciniata (L.) L - central + southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East
- Prunella orientalis Bornm. - Turkey, Syria
- Prunella prunelliformis (Maxim.) Makino - Japan
- Prunella × surrecta Dumort. - central + southwestern Europe (P. grandiflora × P. vulgaris)
- Prunella vulgaris L. - widespread in Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America; naturalized in New Zealand parts of South America
Subspecies are[4]
- Prunella vulgaris ssp. aleutica (Fernald) Hultén – Aleutian selfheal
- Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata (W. Bartram) Hultén – lance selfheal
- Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (L.) – common selfheal
Uses
Traditional medicine
| Dried Prunella | |||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 夏枯草 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 夏枯草 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
In the Pacific Northwest, its juice was used by the Quinault and the Quileute on boils. They also used the whole plant to treat cuts and inflammations. Ointments can be made by fixing the plant with grease. Dried Prunella (Chinese: 夏枯草) is used to make a herbal drink.
Food uses
The mildly bitter leaves are also good as salad greens. Prunella species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.
As a health supplement
Prunella vulgaris is used as an ingredient in some bodybuilding supplements.
References
- 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 134 夏枯草 xia ku cao Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 600. 1753.
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Prunella includes photos plus range maps for Europe + North America
- ↑ "Prunella vulgaris L.". www.itis.gov. ITIS. Retrieved 23 June 2016.