Schematic overview of Belgian institutions

Kingdom of Belgium
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The table below provides a schematic and hierarchic overview of the institutions of the Belgian federated state, according to the principle of the Trias Politica (the theoretical concept of the Separation of political powers) in law-making, executive and judicial powers (the horizontal separation of powers) and according to their territorial level or so called subsidiarity (the vertical separation of powers).

Geographic level Legislative power Executive power Judicial power
Belgium: National level (federation) Federal parliament : is a bicameral parliament like in Britain and consist of the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives The King of the Belgians is the head of State (mainly ceremonial duties), the executive power is executed by the bilingual Belgian Federal government (Council of ministers) Council of State, Constitutional Court of Belgium, and the Court of Cassation
Community level: the communities are competent in so called "personal matters" (except religious affairs) such as culture, sports and education
Dutch-speaking community  : covers the territory of all Flemish provinces and Brussels (*) Flemish Parliament counts 124 directly elected members (118 from the Flemish provinces + 6 Brussels members) Flemish government Council of State
French-speaking community : all Walloon provinces (except the German-speaking communities ) and Brussels Parliament of the French Community: 94 members (75 Wallon provinces + 19 Brussels members) French Community Government Council of State
German-speaking community: German speaking municipalities Parliament of the German-speaking community Government of the German-speaking community Council of State
Regional level: Regions: The regional political institutions are competent for regional matters like urbanisation, economy, agriculture and fishery, public infrastructure & traffic, international trade, the law and decrees governing local administrations and monitoring of the municipalities and provinces.
Flemish region : The legislative and executive competences of the Flemish region and Dutch-speaking community have been combined ; All Flemish provinces except the 19 communities of the Brussels region Flemish Parliament counts 118 directly elected members Flemish government Council of State
Walloon region : All Walloon provinces except the Brussels region Walloon Parliament Walloon government Council of State
Brussels Capital region Brussels Capital parliament Brussels Capital government Council of State
Subregional levels
Provincial level

Provincial council Provincial Governor Deputees 5 Courts of Appeal, 5 Courts of Assisses (1 per 2 provinces)
Arrondissement Arrondissemental commisar (formerly Prefect under French occupation) Court of first instance, Correctional court
Cities and local communities councils Community councils Mayor and Aldermen Court of the Justice of the peace, Police judge court

(*) a part of the executive responsibilities in Brussels are executed by the Flemisch Communitiy council(for Brussels) (VGC). This is not a government but a subsidiary executive organ.

References

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