Saxifragaceae
| Saxifragaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Foamflower | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Core eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Saxifragaceae Juss. |
| Genera | |
|
Many, see text. | |
 | |
| The range of Saxifragaceae. | |
Saxifragaceae is a plant family with about 640 known species in 33 accepted genera.[1]
The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic. They have 4 or 5 petals and 5 or 10 stamens.
Well known species include:
Parnassiaceae have sometimes been treated as part of this family, although they are only distantly genetically related and are now placed in Celastraceae.[2]
Genera
- Astilbe – false goat's-beards
- Astilboides
- Bensoniella – Oregon Bensoniella
- Bergenia
- Bolandra – false coolworts
- Boykinia – brookfoams
- Chrysosplenium – golden-saxifrages
- Conimitella Rydb.
- Darmera – Indian Rhubarb (synonym Peltiphyllum)
- Elmera Rydb.
- Hemieva Raf.
- Heterisia
- Heuchera – Coral Bells
- Hieronymusia
- Hirculus
- Hydatica
- Jepsonia
- Leptarrhena R.Br.
- Leptasea
- Limnobotrya
- Lithophragma – woodlandstars
- Lobaria
- Micranthes Haw.
- Mitella – miterworts
- Mukdenia – mukdenias
- Neoboykinia
- Oreotrys
- Oresitrophe
- Ozomelis
- Pectiantia
- Peltoboykinia
- Rodgersia
- Saniculiphyllum
- Saxifraga – saxifrages
- Saxifragella Engl. (sometimes included in Saxifraga)
- Saxifragodes
- Saxifragopsis Small (sometimes included in Saxifraga)
- Spatularia
- Steiranisia
- Suksdorfia Gray
- Sullivantia Torr. & Gray ex Gray – coolworts
- Tanakaea
- Telesonix Raf.
- Tellima – Fringecups
- Tetilla
- Therofon
- Tiarella – foamflowers
- Tolmiea – Piggyback Plant
Evolution
Saxifragaceae are found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, with centers of diversity in the Himalayas, East Asia, and Western North America. The greatest diversity is in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.[3]
The family is divided into two main lineages – the saxifragoids, which includes genera Saxifraga and Saxifragella, and the heucheroids, which includes all the other genera. The heucheroids are composed of eight tribes: Darmera (Astilboides, Bergenia, Darmera, Mukdenia, Orestitrope, and Rodgersia), Heuchera (Bensoniella, Conimitella, Elmera, Heuchera, Mitella, Tellima, Tiarella, and Tolmiea), Peltoboykinia (Chrysosplenium and Peltoboykinia), Micranthes (Micranthes), Boykinia (Boykinia, Bolandra, Hieronymusia, Jepsonia, Lithophragma, Sullivantia, Suxdorfia and Telesonix), Saniculphyllum (Saniculphyllum), Leptarrhena (Leptarrhena and Tanakaea), Astilbe (Astilbe and Saxifragopsis), and Cascadia (Cascadia and Saxifragoides).[3]
References
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- 1 2 Deng, Jia-bin; Drew, Bryan T.; Mavrodiev, Evgeny V.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2015). "Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of the angiosperm family Saxifragaceae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 86–98. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.011. PMID 25479063.
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Saxifragaceae |
Media related to Saxifragaceae at Wikimedia Commons
"Saxifragaceae". Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). 1911.- Saxifragaceae in Topwalks