Sara Jane Moore

Sara Jane Moore (née Kahn; born February 15, 1930) is an American citizen best known for attempting to assassinate US President Gerald Ford in 1975.^[1][2] She was given a life sentence for the attempted assassination and was released from prison on December 31, 2007, after serving 32 years. Moore and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme hold the distinction of being the only two women who have ever attempted to assassinate an American president; both of their attempts were on Gerald Ford and both took place in California within three weeks of one another.

Background

Moore was born in Charleston, West Virginia, the daughter of Ruth (née Moore) and Olaf Kahn.^[3] Her paternal grandparents were German immigrants.^[4] Moore had been a nursing school student, Women's Army Corps recruit, and accountant. Divorced five times, she had four children before she turned to revolutionary politics in 1975.^[5][6]

Moore's friends said that she had a fascination and an obsession with Patricia Hearst.^[7] After Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army, her father Randolph Hearst created the organization People In Need to feed the poor as a response to the SLA's claims that the elder Hearst was "committing 'crimes' against 'the people.'"^[7] Moore was a bookkeeper for P.I.N. and an FBI informant^[5][7][8] when she attempted to assassinate Ford.

Moore comes from a Christian background.^[4] She later began practicing Judaism.^[9]

Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford

Seconds before the assassination attempt

Moore had been evaluated by the Secret Service earlier in 1975, but agents decided that she posed no danger to the President.^[10] She had been picked up by police on an illegal handgun charge the day before the Ford incident, but was released. The police confiscated her .44 caliber revolver and 113 rounds of ammunition.

Moore's assassination attempt took place in San Francisco on September 22, 1975, just 17 days after Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme's attempted assassination of Ford. She was about 40 feet (12 m) away from President Ford^[11] when she fired a single shot at him with a different firearm, a .38 caliber revolver.^[2] She was standing in the crowd across the street from the St. Francis Hotel. She was using a gun she bought in haste that same morning and did not know the sights were six inches off the point-of-impact at that distance and she narrowly missed.^[12] FBI case agent Richard Vitamanti measured the location the next day. After realizing she had missed, she raised her arm again, and Oliver Sipple, a Marine no longer on active duty, dived towards her, knocking her arm the second time, perhaps saving President Ford's life. U.S. District Judge Samuel Conti, still on the bench in 2010, spoke on the record, that Moore would have killed President Ford had she had her own gun, and it was only "because her gun was faulty" that the President's life was spared.^[12] During her second attempt, Sipple grabbed Moore's arm and then pulled her to the ground.^[13][14] Sipple said at the time: "I saw [her gun] pointed out there and I grabbed for it. [...] I lunged and grabbed the woman's arm and the gun went off."^[15] The further single shot which Moore did fire from her .38 caliber revolver ricocheted and hit John Ludwig, a 42-year-old taxi driver. Ludwig survived.^[16]

Trial and imprisonment

Moore pleaded guilty^[17] to attempted assassination and was sentenced to life in prison.^[18][19] At her sentencing hearing Moore stated: "Am I sorry I tried? Yes and no. Yes, because it accomplished little except to throw away the rest of my life. And, no, I'm not sorry I tried, because at the time it seemed a correct expression of my anger."^[20] In 1979, Moore escaped from the Alderson Federal Prison Camp in Alderson, West Virginia, but was captured only hours later.^[21] After her return, she was transferred to a more secure facility, and she served the remainder of her term at the federal women’s prison in Dublin, California, where she worked in the Unicor Prison Industry for $1.25 per hour as the Lead Inmate Operating Accountant.^[11][22]

In an interview in 2004, former President Ford described Moore as "off her mind" and said that he continued making public appearances, even after two attempts on his life within such a short time, because "a President has to be aggressive, has to meet the people."^[23] Moore had the Federal Bureau of Prisons register number 04851-180.^[24]

Release

On December 31, 2007, at age 77, Moore was released from prison on parole after serving 32 years of her life sentence. Ford had died from natural causes on December 26, 2006, one year and five days before her release. Moore has stated that she regrets the assassination attempt, saying she was "blinded by her radical political views".^[25][26] She will be under supervised parole for at least five years. Moore was released under a federal law that makes parole mandatory for inmates who have served at least 30 years of a life sentence and have maintained a satisfactory disciplinary record. When asked about her crime in an interview, Moore stated, "I am very glad I did not succeed. I know now that I was wrong to try."^[27]

Media

On May 28, 2009, Moore appeared on NBC's Today program, her first television appearance since leaving prison on parole.^[28]

Moore also discussed her 1979 escape from prison. She revealed that an inmate told her, "...when jumping the fence just put your hand on the barbed wire, you'll only have a few puncture wounds." She went on to say, "If I knew that I was going to be captured several hours later, I would have stopped at the local bar just to get a drink and a burger."^[29]

Popular culture

Moore's story is one of nine told in Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's musical Assassins. Moore, John Wilkes Booth, Charles Guiteau and Leon Czolgosz appear in "The Gun Song."

History

A biography of Moore was published in 2009 entitled Taking Aim at the President, by Geri Spieler, a writer who had a correspondence with Moore for twenty-eight years.^[30][31]

Quotes

• “I do regret I didn't succeed, and allow the winds of change to start. I wish I had killed him. I did it to create chaos.” (1975)^[32][33]
• “I didn’t want to kill anybody, but there comes a point when the only way you can make a statement is to pick up a gun.”^{[1] [6]}
• “The government had declared war on the left. Nixon's appointment of Ford as Vice President and his resignation making Ford President seemed to be a continuing assault on America.”^[34]
• “I know now that I was wrong to try. Thank God I didn't succeed. People kept saying he would have to die before I could be released, and I did not want my release from prison to be dependent on somebody, on something happening to somebody else, so I wanted him to live to be 100.” (2007)^[35]

References

External links

• Photograph of Ford and his Secret Service agents taken just after Moore fired her shot.
• Photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.
• More photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.

Gerald R. Ford
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