Saqqara Tablet

The Saqqara Tablet, now in the Egyptian Museum, is an ancient stone engraving which features a list of Egyptian pharaohs surviving from the Ramesside Period. It was found during 1861 in Egypt in Saqqara, in the tomb of Tjenry (or Tjuneroy), an official ("chief lector priest" and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments") of the pharaoh Ramesses II.[1]

The inscription lists 58 kings, from Anedjib and Qa'a (Dynasty 1) to Ramesses II (Dynasty 19), in reverse chronological order, omitting "rulers from the Second Intermediate Period, the Hyksos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten".[2]

The names (each surrounded by a border known as a cartouche), of which only 47 survive, are badly damaged. Inaccuracies abound, e.g., the tablet mentions only four kings of Dynasty 3. The chronology is correct only for the kings of Dynasty 12. The only known photograph of the king list was published in 1865.[3]

Drawing of the Saqqara King List based on photographs and drawings from 1864-65.

Kings in the list

The names are listed in reverse chronological order from the upper right to the bottom left, as they were meant to be read.

Upper row Bottom row
No. Pharaoh Name written in the list No. Pharaoh Name written in the list
1 Ramses II User-maat-ra Setep-en-ra 30 Neferefre Kha-nefer-ra
2 Seti I Men-maat-ra 31 Shepseskare Shepses-ka-ra
3 Ramses I Men-pehty-ra 32 Neferirkare Kakai Nefer-ir-ka-ra
4 Horemheb Djeser-kheperu-ra Setep-en-ra 33 Sahure Sahura
5 Amenhotep III Neb-maat-ra 34 Userkaf User-ka-f
6 Thutmose IV Men-kheperu-ra 35 Thamphthis? Name destroyed.
7 Amenhotep II Aa-kheperu-ra 36 Bicheris? Name destroyed.
8 Thutmose III Men-kheper-ra 37 Djedefptah Name destroyed.
9 Thutmose II Aa-kheper-en-ra 38 Shepseskaf Name destroyed.
10 Thutmose I Aa-kheper-ka-ra 39 Menkaura Name destroyed.
11 Amenhotep I Djeser-ka-ra 40 Khafra Kha-f-ra
12 Ahmose I Neb-pehti-ra 41 Djedefra Djed-ef-re
13 Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre 42 Khufu Khufu
14 Mentuhotep III Se-ankh-ka-ra 43 Sneferu Sneferu
15 Amenemhat I Se-hetep-ib-ra 44 Huni Huni
16 Senusret I Kheper-ka-ra 45 Khaba Neb-ka-ra
17 Amenemhat II Nub-kau-ra 46 Sekhemkhet Djoser-teti
18 Senusret II Kha-kheper-ra 47 Djoser Djoser
19 Senusret III Kha-khau-ra 48 Khasekhemwy Beby
20 Amenemhat III Ni-maat-ra 49 Hudjefa "Name missing"
21 Amenemhat IV Maat-kheru-ra 50 Sekhemib-Perenmaat? Nefer-ka-sokar
22 Sobekneferu Sobek-ka-ra 51 Seth-Peribsen? Nefer-ka-ra
23 Pepi II Neferkare Nefer-ka-ra 52 Senedj Senedj
24 Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Mer-en-ra 53 Wneg Wadjlas
25 Pepi I Meryre Pepi 54 Nynetjer Ba-netjeru
26 Teti Teti 55 Raneb Kakau
27 Unas Unis 56 Hotepsekhemwy Bau-netjer
28 Djedkare Maat-ka-ra 57 Qa'a Qe-behu
29 Menkauhor Men-kau-hor 58 Anedjib Merbapen

Other New Kingdom royal lists

References

  1. ↑ Robert Morkot. The Egyptians: An Introduction. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0-415-27103-7. Page 74.
  2. ↑ Quoted from: Gerald Verbrugghe, John Moore Wickersham. Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated. University of Michigan Press, 2001. Page 104.
  3. ↑ de Rougé, Emmanuel (1865). Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte. Paris. pp. 152, photographs 143–145.

Bibliography

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