Sahebganj

For other uses, see Sahebganj (disambiguation).
Sahibganj (Hindi: साहिबगंज जिला)
city

Sahibganj railway station
Sahibganj (Hindi: साहिबगंज जिला)
Sahibganj (Hindi: साहिबगंज जिला)

Location in Jharkhand, India

Coordinates: 25°15′N 87°39′E / 25.25°N 87.65°E / 25.25; 87.65Coordinates: 25°15′N 87°39′E / 25.25°N 87.65°E / 25.25; 87.65
Country  India
State Jharkhand
District Sahibganj
Area
 • Total 1,601 km2 (618 sq mi)
Elevation 16 m (52 ft)
Population (2001)
 • Total 80,154
 • Density 719/km2 (1,860/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Hindi, Santali
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 816109
Telephone code 06436
Vehicle registration JH-18
Sex ratio 948 ♂/♀
Website sahibganj.nic.in

Sahebganj (Hindi: साहिबगंज) (also known as Sahibganj) is a town and Municipality of Sahebganj district (Hindi: साहिबगंज जिला) of Jharkhand state, India, which also serves as the district headquarters for Sahibganj District.

Sahibganj means a place (ganj) of masters (sahebs or sahibs).

Sahibganj is a Class II town of Jharkhand which is sandwiched between River Ganga on the north, Rajmahal Hills on the south, State of Bengal on the East and one of the world's oldest university, Vikaramshila (in Bhagalpur District) of Bihar on the west.

The place is likely to have been given its name because a number of English and other European people lived and worked in and around the railway station during the British Raj.The town is cosmopolitan, with people from Bihar, Bengal, and Jharkhand; and refugees from Bangladesh and Pakistan.

History

The history of Sahibganj town centers mainly on the history of Rajmahal and Teliagarhi Fort. There is evidence in the pages of history that the area is inhabited since time immemorial only by Malers (Mal Paharia). They were the early settlers of the territory of Rajmahal hills, who still reside in some areas of the same hills. They are considered to be the “Malli” mentioned in the notes of Megasthenese, Greek Ambassador of Selukus Nikater, who happened to be in the vicinity of Rajmahal hills in 302 BC. Till the visit of Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang in 645 AD, the history of this area was wrapped in obscurity. In his travelogue the Chinese pilgrim mentions about the Fort of Teliagarhi (on the rail route, near Mirzachauki Railway Station), when he saw the lofty bricks and stone tower not far from the Ganges. Information is gathered through the pages of history that it was a Buddhist Vihar.

A continuous history of the district is available from the 13th century when Teliagarhi became the main gateway of Muslim armies marching to and from Bengal. During the Turkish dynasty rule in Delhi, Malik Ikhtiaruddin-bin-Bakhtiar Khilji marched towards Bengal and Assam through Teliagrahi pass. He captured Bengal and its king Lakshaman Sena fled away to Cooch Behar (in West Bengal).

In 1538, Sher Shah Suri and Humayun came face to face for a decisive battle near Teliagarhi. On 12 July 1576, the battle of Rajmahal was fought and the foundation of the Mughal rule in Bengal was laid.

It was Man Singh, the most trusted general of Akbar, who in the capacity of Viceroy of Bengal and Bihar made Rajmahal the capital of Bengal in 1592. But this honour of Rajmahal was short-lived, for the capital was shifted to Dacca in 1608.

Shortly after this, Teliagarhi and Rajmahal became the seat of a fierce battle between the rebellious Prince Shahjahan and Ibrahim Khan. Shahjahan emerged victorious and became the master of Bengal for the time being, losing finally in 1624 at Allahabad.

In 1639, Rajmahal regained its glory and was once more made the capital of Bengal by Shah Shuja, the second son of Emperor Shahjahan, on his appointment as the Viceroy of Bengal. It continued as the seat of the Mughal Viceroy up to 1660 and a mint town till 1661. It was at Rajmahal that Dr. Gabriel Boughten cured the daughter of Shah Shuja. By this means Dr. Boughten succeeded in securing an order (farman) from Shah Shuja giving the English the liberty to trade in Bengal. Thus the minutest foundation of the British rule was laid here. The fugitive Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud- Daula was captured at Rajmahal during his flight after the Battle of Plassey in 1757.

The entire Santhal Pargana along with portions of the present Hazaribagh, Munger,Jamui, Lakhisarai, Begusarai, Saharsa, a part of Purnia and Bhagalpur, districts was termed as “Jungle Terai” by the English on assumption of Diwani in Sept. 1763 from Shah Alam II at Allahabad after the Allahabad Treaty.

The victory at Plassey made British master of the then Bengal which contained the present Sahibganj District. In Santhal Pargana, they were up against a band of simple but determined opponents, the Paharias. Paharias were great lovers of freedom and could not tolerate any intruder in their homeland. The English were very much concerned and Warren Hastings the Governor General of India organized a special corps of 800 men in 1772 to curb the Paharias. The corps was put under the command of Captain Brooke, who was appointed the Military Governor of the Jungle terai.

As a direct consequence of the Santhal Hul or Rebellion of 1854-55 led by Sido and Kanu brothers Santhal Pargana has been created as a separate district in 1855 by ceding portions of Bhagalpur (which is now in Bihar) and Birbhum (which is now in West Bengal) district.

The 1942 movement also spread to entire Santhal Pargana division, for that matter in Sahibganj and on 11 August 1942 a general strike was observed. On 12 August 1942 a procession was taken out at Godda and soon the entire district was aflame. Thus the district of Santhal Pargana marched hand-in-hand with other parts of the State in the protracted struggle for country's freedom which resulted on 15 August 1947 in the end of slavery.

Government considered the Paharias and other tribals of Rajmahal hills as demographically underdeveloped section of society and embarked on policies and plans for their emancipation. Government's efforts in the past could not bring the desired results and the district continued to remain relatively backward. The Jharkhand Movement for separate statehood thus gained momentum and on 15 November 2000, a separate state named as Jharkhand came into existence comprising the 18 districts of the Chota Nagpur and Santhal Pargana divisions.

Geography

Sahebganj is located at 25°15′N 87°39′E / 25.25°N 87.65°E / 25.25; 87.65.[1] It has an average elevation of 16 metres (52 feet).

Demographics

As of 2011 India census,[2] Sahebganj had a population of 1,150,038. Males constitute 51.33% of the population and females 48.66%. Sahibganj has an average literacy rate of 53%, Lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 62.65%, and female literacy is 44.31%. In Sahibganj, 18.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education

Sahibganj has educational institutions for all levels of education. ICSE/ISC St. Xavier's School and Providence School are the schools affiliated to ICSE boards. St. Xavier's School, a premier educational institute, is one of the oldest Xavier institutions Established on 21 January 1957. It is also affiliated for the ISC examinations, which makes it the only school to hold the ICSE and ISC exams at home center CBSE Kendriya vidyalaya and Jawahar Navoday Vidyalay are Schools affiliated to CBSE whereas St. Joseph's School and Trinity Angels School are non-affiliated schools. JAC Eastern Railways Boys High School(estd. in 1878), Public High School (estd. in 1942), Rajasthan High School, Girls High School are some other Schools affiliated to JAC and provide Hindi medium classes. Higher Education Sahibganj College is for higher education.In serving education since 1951 the college achived glorius position in the field of education and cultural programme. In 2002 IGNOU study center was established. In 2006 the B.Ed Training center and In year 2009 the proffesion bachelor degree programme BCA also come in existence. Sandhya College also provide Science and Arts classes for I.A./I.Sc, and Bechlor Courses.

Natural beauty

Sahebganj's natural beauty includes the Rajmahal hills, situated on one side, and the river Ganges on the other side.

Sahibganj is the only district of Jharkhand, through which the river Ganga passes.The Moti jharna is also a natural beauty which awes the viewer's heart.

Transport

Sahibganj is on the Sahibganj Loop of Eastern Railway.[3] This loop line branches off the main line from Howrah at Khana Junction, goes through Bolpur (Shantiniketan), Rampurhat, Pakur, Sahibganj, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur before meeting the main line again at Kiul Junction. The NH80 joins Sahibganj to pirpainti and to Boreo on the other side via roadways.The river Ganga too is used for transportation using LCTs or even boats.

Attractions

References

  1. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sahibganj
  2. ↑ http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf
  3. ↑ Indian Railways timetable for Eastern Zone
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