SM U-78

History
German Empire
Name:	U-78
Ordered:	6 January 1915
Builder:	AG Vulkan, Hamburg ( 56)
Launched:	31 October 1915
Commissioned:	26 January 1916
Fate:	27 October 1918 - Torpedoed by HMS G2 N of North Sea at 56°2′N 5°8′E / 56.033°N 5.133°E / 56.033; 5.133. 40 dead (all hands lost).[1]
General characteristics [2]
Class and type:	German Type UE I submarine
Displacement:	755 t (743 long tons) surfaced 832 t (819 long tons) submerged
Length:	56.80 m (186 ft 4 in) (o/a) 46.66 m (153 ft 1 in) (pressure hull)
Beam:	5.90 m (19 ft 4 in) (o/a) 5.00 m (16 ft 5 in) (pressure hull)
Height:	8.25 m (27 ft 1 in)
Draught:	4.86 m (15 ft 11 in)
Installed power:	2 × 900 PS (662 kW; 888 shp) surfaced 2 × 800 PS (588 kW; 789 shp) submerged
Propulsion:	2 shafts, 2× 1.41 m (4 ft 8 in) propellers
Speed:	9.9 knots (18.3 km/h; 11.4 mph) surfaced 7.8 knots (14.4 km/h; 9.0 mph) submerged
Range:	7,880 nmi (14,590 km; 9,070 mi) at 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) surfaced 83 nmi (154 km; 96 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth:	50 m (164 ft 1 in)
Complement:	4 officers, 28 enlisted
Armament:	2 × 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes (one starboard bow, one starbord stern) 4 torpedoes 1 × 8.8 cm (3.5 in) deck gun
Service record
Part of:	Imperial German Navy I Flotilla 9 July 1916 – 28 October 1918
Commanders:	Kptlt. Otto Dröscher[3] 20 April 1916 – 15 January 1918 Oblt.z.S. Karl Thouret[4] 16–31 January 1918 Oblt.z.S. Johann Vollbrecht[5] 1–27 February 1918 Kptlt. Karl Vesper[6] 1 March – 26 April 1918 Kptlt. Wilhelm Meyer[7] 27 April – 24 May 1918 Oblt.z.S. Johann Vollbrecht[5] 25 May – 28 October 1918
Operations:	12 patrols
Victories:	17 ships sunk 27,488 GRT 2 ships damaged 11,332 GRT 2 merchant ships taken as prize 3,427 GRT[1]

SM U-78 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-78 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic as a minelayer. On 27 October 1918 low frequency communications from U-78 in the Skagerrak were detected by the British submarine HMS G2 which sank her with the loss of her crew of 40. The commonly listed sinking date of October 28, 1918 is in error.^[1]

The wreck has been identified in April 2014.

Original documents from Room 40

The following is a verbatim transcription of the recorded activities of SM U-78 known to British Naval Intelligence, Room 40 O.B.:^[8] SM U-78. Kptlt. Dröscher, later to U-117, but not before May 1917; then Kptlt. Vollbrecht. Was completed at Hamburg (Vulcan) in May 1916, joined the Kiel School and remained there until the 8th of July, when she went to Wilhelmshaven, and was attached to the 1st Half Flotilla.

• 11–27 July 1916. Left for the north. By about the 20th had laid 34 mines off Skerryvore. On the 23rd she was in action with the armed trawler CHRYSEA off Fair Island. Took 1 Danish S.S. as prize on the day before she returned to Heligoland.
• 20 August – 12 September 1916. Left, going northabout, for the south of Ireland and laid 34 mines off St. Govan’s Head on the night of the 1/2 September, and on the 27th August had chased S.S. FLOREAL off the Butt of Lewis. Returned northabout.
• 18–23 October 1916. Apparently on North Sea patrol. Stopped 6 Scandinavian S.S, allowing them to proceed. On last day out took as prize a Norwegian steamer.
• 29 October – 22 November 1916. Apparently went to coast of Norway to observe shipping; sank 1 Norwegian steamer.
• 3–22 February 1917. Laid mines at various points off the west coast of Scotland, going northabout both ways. Sank 1 steamer N. of Ireland, and possibly another N. of the Orkney Islands.
• 30 March – 19 April 1917. Went north, and watched the traffic on north coast of Ireland. Sand 3 S.S, 2 sailing vessels (6,500 tons). Laid mines in the Little Minch and Lough Swilly.
• 29 May – 22 June 1917. Went northabout and laid mines off Inishtrahull, and at points off the N.W. coast of Scotland. Was engaged by HMS HELGOLAND (a submarine trap) near Tory Island on 9 June. Claimed 5,000 tons sinkings. She asked permission to return by Little Belt, but was told for a special reason she must come in by Nordmands Tief.
• 27 July – 13 August 1917. Laid mines in Sound of Islay. Claimed 2,500 tons sinkings. Returned at slow speed owing to failure of port engine.
• She was to have gone out again in October 1917 but nothing is known of any cruise, and she was apparently not ready for service before June 1918.
• 16 June - ? 27 June 1918. Apparently laid mines east of Scotland.
• ? 14–21 July 1918. Left by the Kattegat, returned by the Bight. Had completed an unknown task in the North Sea by the 18th July.
• ? 19 August - ? 26 August 1918. In the North Sea. Made no report as to her undertaking, but returned at 3 knots with double motor trouble.
• 24 September – 1 October 1918. Laid mines on the east coast of Scotland.
• About the end of October 1918 she left to lay mines in the North Sea and was sunk by HM submarine G2 in 56°2′N 5°8′E / 56.033°N 5.133°E / 56.033; 5.133"

Note: S.S. = Steam Ship; S.V. = Sailing Vessel; northabout, Muckle Flugga, Fair I. = around Scotland; Sound, Belts, Kattegat = via North of Denmark to/from German Baltic ports; Bight = to/from German North Sea ports; success = sinking of ships ^[9]

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage[Note 1]	Fate[10]
16 July 1916	Vidar	Sweden	2,178	Captured as a prize
5 August 1916	Aranda	Norway	1,838	Sunk
2 September 1916	Kelvinia	United Kingdom	5,039	Sunk
26 September 1916	HMT Loch Shiel	Royal Navy	216	Sunk
21 October 1916	Atle Jarl	Norway	1,249	Captured as a prize
16 November 1916	Vega	Norway	1,204	Sunk
13 December 1916	Kursk	Russian Empire	7,869	Damaged
7 February 1917	Väring	Sweden	2,107	Sunk
13 February 1917	Barnsley	United Kingdom	144	Sunk
15 February 1917	Stralsund	Norway	510	Sunk
3 March 1917	Meldon	United Kingdom	2,514	Sunk
2 April 1917	Sagitta	Norway	1,981	Sunk
2 April 1917	Tithonus	Royal Navy	3,463	Damaged
4 April 1917	Vladimir Reitz	Denmark	2,128	Sunk
5 April 1917	Bris	Denmark	101	Sunk
7 April 1917	HMS Jason	Royal Navy	810	Sunk
13 April 1917	Strathcona	Canada	1,881	Sunk
14 April 1917	Andromache	United Kingdom	313	Sunk
19 April 1917	HMT Lobelia	Royal Navy	184	Sunk
17 June 1917	Fornebo	United Kingdom	4,259	Sunk
13 December 1917	Arnewood	United Kingdom	2,259	Sunk

See also

• Room 40

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

• Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4. 
• Spindler, Arno (1966) [1932]. Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: Guildhall Library, London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: The submarine war against commerce. 
• Beesly, Patrick (1982). Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918. London: H Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-10864-2. 
• Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85728-498-0. 
• Roessler, Eberhard (1997). Die Unterseeboote der Kaiserlichen Marine. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3-7637-5963-7. 
• Schroeder, Joachim (2002). Die U-Boote des Kaisers. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3-7637-6235-4. 
• Koerver, Hans Joachim (2008). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol I., The Fleet in Action. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-76-3. 
• Koerver, Hans Joachim (2009). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol II., The Fleet in Being. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-77-0. 

External links

• Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.
• A 44 min. German film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.
• Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 78". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. 
• Room 40: original documents, photos and maps about World War I German submarine warfare and British Room 40 Intelligence from The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, UK.
• Danish diver found U-78, Jyllands-Posten. Video of discovery

Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in October 1918
Shipwrecks	2 Oct: Keltier 3 Oct: Burutu, SMS G41 4 Oct: HMS L10, SM UB-68 5 Oct: USS Mary Alice, SM UB-10, SM UB-40, SM UB-59, SM UC-4 6 Oct: HMS C12, HMS Otranto 7 Oct: USS West Gate 10 Oct: Leinster 15 Oct: HMS J6 16 Oct: Dumaru, SM UB-90 19 Oct: SM UB-123 20 Oct: HMS M21 21 Oct: USS Cero, SM UB-89 25 Oct: Princess Sophia 27 Oct: SM U-78 28 Oct: USS Tarantula, SM U-47, SM U-65, SM UB-48, SM UB-116, SM UC-25, SM UC-53, SM UC-54 30 Oct: SM U-73, SM UC-34 31 Oct: SM UB-129 Unknown date: SMS Brugge, HMS G7, SM U-34
Other incidents	3 Oct: USS George G. Henry 5 Oct: USS O-13 6 Oct: HMS Kashmir 7 Oct: USS American 12 Oct: USAT Amphion 15 Oct: HMS Cymric 18 Oct: Voltaire 20 Oct: USS Berwyn 21 Oct: SMS Frankfurt
1917 1918 1919 September 1918 November 1918