Rusyn Americans
| Total population | |
|---|---|
|
(Ancestral 8,934 [2]) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Northeast, Midwest | |
| Languages | |
| American English, Rusyn, Ukrainian, Slovak | |
| Religion | |
| Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Belarusian Americans, Russian Americans, Slovak Americans, Ukrainian Americans |
Rusyn Americans (also known as Carpatho Rusyn Americans or Ruthenian Americans) are citizens of the United States of America, with ancestors who were Rusyns, born in Carpathian Ruthenia, or neighboring areas of Central Europe. However, some Rusyn Americans, like some Rusyn Canadians, also or instead identify as Russian Americans or Ukrainian Americans.
Since the Revolutions of 1989, there has been a revival in Rusyn nationalism and self-identification in both Ruthenia and among the Rusyn disapora in other parts of Europe and North America.[3]
History
Rusyns began immigrating to the United States in the late 1870s and in the 1880s. Upon arrival in North America, the vast majority of Ruthenians identified with the larger state that they had left. It is, therefore, impossible to know their exact number. It is estimated that between the 1880s and 1914 some 225,000 Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants came to northeastern United States.[4] Based on immigration statistics and membership records in religious and secular organizations, it is reasonable to assume that there are about 620,000 Americans who have at least one ancestor of Rusyn background.
At the time of the first and largest wave of immigration (1880s to 1914), the Rusyn homeland was located entirely within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In both parts of Austria-Hungary, the economic situation for Rusyns was the same. Their approximately 1,000 villages were all located in hilly or mountainous terrain from which the inhabitants eked out a subsistence-level existence based on small-scale agriculture, livestock grazing (especially sheep), and seasonal labor on the richer plains of lowland Hungary.
Since earning money was the main goal of the immigrants, they settled primarily in the northeast and north central states, in particular the coal mining region around Scranton and Wilkes-Barre in northeastern Pennsylvania, and in the Pittsburgh and Erie areas of the western part of that state. Other cities and metropolitan areas that attracted Rusyns were New York City and northeastern New Jersey; southern Connecticut; the Binghamton-Endicott-Johnson City triangle in south central New York; Cleveland and Youngstown, Ohio; Chicago, Illinois; Gary and Whiting, Indiana; Detroit and Flint, Michigan; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. By 1920, nearly 80 percent of all Rusyns lived in only three states: Pennsylvania (54 percent), New York (13 percent), and New Jersey (12 percent).
Like other eastern and southern Europeans, Rusyns were effectively segregated from the rest of American society because of their low economic status and lack of knowledge of English. This was, however, a relatively short-term phase, since the American-born sons and daughters of the original immigrants had, by the late 1930s and 1940s, assimilated and become absorbed into the American mainstream.
See also
References
- ↑
- ↑ "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ↑ Paul R. Magocsi, Ivan Ivanovich Pop (2005). "Rusyn national revival" (Google Books). Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture. University of Toronto Press. pp. 313–314. ISBN 0-8020-3566-3. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ↑ Paul R. Magocsi, Ivan Ivanovich Pop (2005). "Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants" (Google Books). Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture. University of Toronto Press. p. 188. ISBN 0-8020-3566-3. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Sources
- Magocsi, Paul Robert and Ivan Pop (2005). Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-3566-3.