Russula aurea

Russula aurea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Russula
Species: R. aurea
Binomial name
Russula aurea
Pers. (1796)
Synonyms

Russula esculenta Pers. (1796)
Agaricus aureus (Pers.) Pers. (1801)
Russula aurata Fr. (1838)

Russula aurea
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Mycological characteristics

gills on hymenium

cap is convex

or depressed

hymenium is free

or adnexed
stipe is bare

spore print is white

to cream
ecology is mycorrhizal
edibility: edible

Russula aurea, commonly known as the gilded brittlegill, is an uncommon species of mushroom found in deciduous woodland in Europe in summer and early autumn. Unlike many red-capped members of the genus, it is edible and mild-tasting.

Taxonomy

It was known for many years as Russula aurata originally published in 1801 as Agaricus auratus by the English naturalist William Withering, and placed by the father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries into the genus Russula in 1838. However, the binomial name Russula aurea had been coined by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796[1] and takes precedence. Both specific epithets are derived from the Latin aurum "gold", hence "golden".[2]

Description

The cap is 4–9 cm (1.5–3.5 in) wide and a blood- or orange-red in colour with ridged margins. Sticky when wet, it is initially convex, then later flat, or depressed; it is able to be peeled half-way. The widely spaced gills are ochre with yellow edges, and adnexed or free. The stipe is up to 3–8 cm (1–3 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.39–0.98 in) wide, cylindrical and white or cream to golden-yellow. The brittle flesh is yellow and the taste mild. The spore print is ochre, the warty spores are oval or round and measure 7.5–9 × 6–8 μm.[3]

Similar species

The overall yellow tone of Russula aurea distinguishes it from the peppery and inedible red-capped Russulas, such as the bloody brittlegill (R. sanguinaria), the sickener (R. emetica), and the beechwood sickener (R. nobilis).[4]

Distribution and habitat

Russula aurea is found in Europe and is uncommon in Britain. It has been recorded as far east as the Black Sea region of eastern Turkey.[5][6]

It occurs under deciduous trees in summer and early autumn, in particular beech, oak and hazel.[3][4]

Edibility

Unlike many other red-capped members of the genus, Russula aurea is mild-tasting and edible.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Persoon, Observationes mycologicae, Seu descriptiones tam novorum, quam notabilium fungorum (1796) vol. I:101 .
  2. ↑ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
  3. 1 2 Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 19. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
  4. 1 2 3 Nilson S & Persson O (1977). Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi. Penguin. p. 118. ISBN 0-14-063006-6.
  5. ↑ Yagiz D, Afyon A, Konuk M, Helfer S (2006). "Contributions to the Macrofungi of Bolu and Düzce Provinces, Turkey" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 95: 331–34. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  6. ↑ Sesli E (2007). "Checklist of the Turkish ascomycota and basidiomycota collected from the Black Sea region" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 99: 71–74. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
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