Russian legislative election, 1995

December 17, 1995

All 450 seats to the State Duma 226 seats needed for a majority

Turnout	64.4%
	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Leader	Gennady Zyuganov	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	Viktor Chernomyrdin
Party	Communist Party	LDPR	Our Home – Russia
Last election	42	64	-
Seats won	157	51	55
Seat change	115	13	55
Popular vote	15,432,963	7,737,431	7,009,291
Percentage	22.30%	11.18%	10.13%
Swing	9.9pp	11.74pp	-

	Fourth party	Fifth party	Sixth party

Leader	Grigory Yavlinsky	Yegor Gaidar	Mikhail Lapshin
Party	Yabloko	Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats	Agrarian Party of Russia
Last election	27	96	47
Seats won	45	9	20
Seat change	18	95	27
Popular vote	4,767,384	2,674,084	2,613,127
Percentage	6.89%	3.86%	3.78%
Swing	0.97pp	11.65pp	4.22pp

Chairman before election

Ivan Rybkin
Agrarian Party

Chairman-designate

Gennadiy Seleznyov
Communist Party

Election results

Parliamentary elections were held in Russia on 17 December 1995.^[1] At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia.

Rules

The election law adopted for the 1995 election was similar to that adopted for the 1993 election, with some minor modifications. First, to secure a place on the proportional representation ballot, parties had to have registered with the Ministry of Justice no later than six months before the election, and the number of signatures they had to gather rose from 100,000 to 200,000. Second, invalid votes were now included in the calculation of the 5.0 percent threshold. Third, on the single-member district ballot, party endorsements of candidates were indicated.

Campaign

Out of the forty three parties and coalitions contesting the elections, only four cleared the 5% threshold to qualify for the proportional seats.

Pro-Government parties

Our Home – Russia had weightier resources and soon acquired the nickname of “party of power” for its reliance on elite political and economic office holders. It was also referred to as “Our Home Is Gazprom” for its close ties to Gazprom’s substantial financial resources. Most of the cabinet ministers joined the bloc, and a number of business leaders and regional political elites affiliated with it. However, almost no other parties entered it, and many SMD candidates who had initially affiliated with the party soon left it. One of the early parties to enter the bloc, Sergei Shakhrai’s Party of Russian Unity and Accord, also deserted it in August.^[2] In the election, the Our Home Is Russia bloc took 10.1% of the vote, enough to form a faction in the Duma but not enough to serve as a dominant or pivotal force in parliament or in the regions. At its peak, the party claimed the membership of around one third of Russia’s governors. However, both the center and regional elites made only ephemeral commitments to Our Home is Russia.^[3]

Opposition parties

As a result of these elections, the Communists and their satellites, the Agrarians and other left-wing deputies, controlled a little less than the half of the seats. The populist LDPR occasionally sided with the left majority, but often supported the government. As in the previous Duma, the parliamentary groups of independent deputies had a significant influence on the balance of power in the parliament.

On January 17, 1996 a Communist, Gennady Seleznyov, was elected the Speaker of the Duma.

Results

Party	PR			Constituency			Total seats	+/–
Party	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Total seats	+/–
Communist Party	15,432,963	22.30	99	8,636,392	12.78	58	157	+92
Liberal Democratic Party	7,737,431	11.18	50	3,801,971	5.63	1	51	–19
Our Home – Russia	7,009,291	10.13	45	3,808,745	5.64	10	55	New
Yabloko	4,767,384	6.89	31	2,209,945	3.27	14	45	+12
Women of Russia	3,188,813	4.61	0	712,072	1.05	3	3	–22
Communists and Working Russia - for the Soviet Union	3,137,406	4.53	0	1,276,655	1.89	1	1	New
Congress of Russian Communities	2,980,137	4.31	0	1,987,665	2.94	5	5	New
Party of Workers' Self-Government	2,756,954	3.98	0	475,007	0.7	1	1	New
Democratic Choice of Russia–United Democrats	2,674,084	3.86	0	1,819,330	2.69	9	9	–85
Agrarian Party	2,613,127	3.78	0	4,066,214	6.02	20	20	–27
Derzhava	1,781,233	2.57	0	420,860	0.62	0	0	New
Forward, Russia!	1,343,428	1.94	0	1,054,577	1.56	3	3	New
Power to the People!	1,112,873	1.61	0	1,345,905	1.99	9	9	New
Pamfilova-Gurov-V. Lysenko	1,106,812	1.6	0	476,721	0.71	2	2	New
Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour	1,076,072	1.55	0	584,063	0.86	1	1	New
Environmental Party of Russia "Kedr"	962,195	1.39	0	304,896	0.45	0	0	0
Ivan Rybkin Bloc	769,259	1.11	0	1,073,580	1.59	3	3	New
Stanislav Govorukhin Bloc	688496	0.99	0	483281	0.72	1	1	New
My Fatherland	496,276	0.72	0	351,911	0.52	1	1	New
Common Cause	472,615	0.68	0	–	–	1	1	New
Beer Lovers' Party	428,727	0.62	0	57,946	0.09	0	0	–
All Russian Muslim Public Movement "Nur"	393513	0.57	0	49689	0.07	0	0	–
Transformation of the Fatherland	339,654	0.49	0	227,822	0.34	1	1	New
National Republican Party of Russia	331,700	0.48	0	–	–	–	0	–
30 Words Bloc	323,232	0.47	0	–	–	–	0	–
Party of Russian Unity and Accord	245,977	0.36	0	285,654	0.42	1	1	–26
Russian Lawyers' Association	242,966	0.35	0	96,046	0.14	0	0	–
For the Motherland!	194,254	0.28	0	213,723	0.32	0	0	–
Christian-Democratic Union - Christians of Russia	191,446	0.28	0	–	–	–	0	–
38 Word Bloc	145704	0.21	0	–	–	–	0	–
People's Union	130,728	0.19	0	70,685	0.1	0	0	–
"Tikhonov-Tupolev-Tikhonov" Bloc	102,039	0.15	0	65,458	0.1	0	0	–
Russian Union of Workers of Residential-Communal Management	97,274	0.14	0	115,386	0.17	0	0	–
Social Democrats	88,642	0.13	0	233,269	0.35	0	0	–
Party of Economic Freedom	88,416	0.13	0	199,150	0.29	1	1	New
Russian All-People's Movement	86,422	0.12	0	224,779	0.33	0	0	–
Bloc of Independents	83,742	0.12	0	375,287	0.56	1	1	New
Federal Democratic Movement	82,948	0.12	0	86,519	0.13	0	0	–
Sociopolitical Movement "Stable Russia"	81,285	0.12	0	159,226	0.24	0	0	–
Duma-96	55,897	0.08	0	108,672	0.16	0	0	–
Frontier Generations	44,202	0.06	0	13,429	0.02	0	0	–
Bloc '89	40,840	0.06	0	175,459	0.26	1	1	New
Interethnic Union	39,592	0.06	0	169,746	0.25	0	0	–
All-Russian Sociopolitical Movement of Transport Workers	–	–	–	162,263	0.24	0	0	–
Democratic Russia and Free Trade-Unions	–	–	–	158,040	0.23	0	0	–
Non-Party-Based Voters' Political Movement "Common Cause"	–	–	–	148,584	0.22	0	0	–
Sociopolitical Movement "Education is Russia's Future"	–	–	–	129,399	0.19	0	0	–
Union of Patriots	–	–	–	118,441	0.18	0	0	–
Christian Democratic Union - Christians of Russia	–	–	–	102,335	0.15	0	0	–
Union of Russian Muslims	–	–	–	65,688	0.1	0	0	–
Union of Communists	–	–	–	62,181	0.09	0	0	–
Party of Supporters of Tax Reduction	–	–	–	61,519	0.09	0	0	–
Democratic Alternative	–	–	–	61,252	0.09	0	0	–
Conservative Party	–	–	–	57,351	0.08	0	0	–
Bloc of leaders of 8 parties	–	–	–	51,928	0.08	0	0	–
Russian Party	–	–	–	43,221	0.06	0	0	–
Union of Patriotic Orthodox Organisations	–	–	–	42,269	0.06	0	0	–
Economic Alternative	–	–	–	37,622	0.06	0	0	–
We are Serving for Russia!	–	–	–	35,535	0.05	0	0	–
League of Independent Scientists	–	–	–	28,666	0.04	0	0	–
National-Republican Party of Russia	–	–	–	27,197	0.04	0	0	–
Social Alliance "Revival"	–	–	–	27,032	0.04	0	0	–
Russian Union of Local Self-Government	–	–	–	21,427	0.03	0	0	–
Our Future	–	–	–	18,488	0.03	0	0	–
Faith, Labour, Conscience	–	–	–	14,639	0.02	0	0	–
Russian Party of Car Owners	–	–	–	8,088	0.01	0	0	–
People's Salvation Front	–	–	–	1,881	0.00	0	0	–
Workers' Collectives and Greens for the Union of Co-Owners	–	–	–	1,442	0.00	0	0	–
European Liberal Democratic Party	–	–	–	154	0.00	0	0	–
Independents	–	–	–	21,620,835	31.99	77	77	+47
Against all	1,918,151	2.77	–	6,660,495	9.85	–	–	–
Invalid/blank votes	1,320,619	–	–	1,582,227	–	–	–	–
Total	69,204,819	100	225	69,167,934	100	225	450	0
Registered voters/turnout	107,496,856	64.4	–	107,496,856	64.3	–	–	–
Source: University of Essex, Nohlen & Stöver

Parliamentary Groups

Parliamentary group	Leader	Seats (Jan.'96)
Communist Party of the Russian Federation	Gennady Zyuganov	139
Our Home - Russia	Sergei Belyaev	65
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	49
Yabloko	Grigory Yavlinsky	45
"Regions of Russia (Independent Deputies)"	Oleg Morozov	44
People's Power	Nikolai Ryzhkov	41
Agrarian Group	Nikolay Kharitonov	35
Democratic Choice of Russia (unregistered)	Sergey Yushenkov	6
Independents		19
Total		450

References

↑ Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1642 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
↑ Belin&Orttung 1997, pp. 34-36
↑ Hale, 2006, pp. 208-209; McFaul, 2001, p. 205

Elections and referendums in Russia

Presidential elections	1991 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2018

Legislative elections	1906 1907 (Jan) 1907 (Oct) 1912 1917 1938 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2016

Gubernatorial elections	1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2012 2013 2014 2015

Regional elections	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Referendums	1991 1993 (Apr) 1993 (Dec)

See also: Elections and referendums in the Soviet Union

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