Roton

For other uses, see Roton (disambiguation).

In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, in superfluid helium-4. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits first a maximum and then a minimum in energy as the momentum increases. Excitations with momenta in the linear region are called phonons; those with momenta close to the minimum are called rotons. Excitations with momenta near the maximum are sometimes called maxons.

The term "roton" is also used for the quantised eigenmode of a freely rotating molecule.

Models

Originally, the roton spectrum was phenomenologically introduced by Lev Landau. Currently there exist different models which try to explain the roton spectrum, with a different degree of success and fundamentality.[1][2] The requirement for any model of such kind is that it must explain not only the shape of the spectrum itself but also other related observables, such as the speed of sound and structure factor of superfluid helium-4. Microwave and Bragg spectroscopy has been conducted on helium to study roton spectrum.[3]

Bose–Einstein condensation

Bose–Einstein condensation of rotons has been proposed and studied, but not yet detected.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Fingerprinting Rotons in a Dipolar Condensate: Super-Poissonian Peak in the Atom-Number Fluctuations". Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 265302. 26 June 2013. arXiv:1304.3605Freely accessible. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110z5302B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.265302.
  2. ↑ "Roton spectroscopy in a harmonically trapped dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate". Phys. Rev. A 86, 021604(R). Aug 15, 2012. arXiv:1206.2770Freely accessible. Bibcode:2012PhRvA..86b1604B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.86.021604.
  3. ↑ "Microwave Spectroscopy of Condensed Helium at the Roton Frequency". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 4 Nov 2009. Bibcode:2010JLTP..158..244R. doi:10.1007/s10909-009-0025-6.
  4. ↑ "The role of the condensate in the existence of phonons and rotons". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. December 1993. Bibcode:1993JLTP...93..861G. doi:10.1007/BF00692035.

Bibliography

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