Road Traffic Act 1934
The Road Traffic Act 1934 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced by the Minister of Transport, Leslie Hore-Belisha. The Act was made in a year in which there had been a record numbers of road casualties.[1]
Context
The Locomotive Acts of the late 1800s had placed heavy restrictions of speeds of "locomotives". Under pressure from an emerging motor industry and growing enthusiasm for motor cars the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 had reduced the restrictions and increased speed limits. Speed limits were again raised by the Motor Car Act 1903 which also introduced requirements for registration of vehicles and for driving licenses as well as new safety legislation. The Road Traffic Act 1930 had controversially removed all speed limits for motorcars in a year with record 7,305 road fatalities[n 1] since which the levels of fatalities had increased to 7,343 deaths and 231,603 injuries. Half the deaths were of pedestrians, and of these three-quarters occurred in built-up areas. Hore-Belisha spoke of this as "mass murder" and he was nearly killed shortly after his appointment during a public-relations exercise to demonstrate how to use the new "uncontrolled crossings" when a car sped through the crossing without stopping.[1] The Pedestrian's Association had been set up in 1929 to advocate on behalf of pedestrians[2] with the Automobile Association and Royal Automobile Club resisting further legislation. The Salter Report which had been commissioned by the government was published in 1933 and recommended changes to the funding of both road and rail transport.[3]
Clauses
The Act:
- Reintroduced a speed limit for cars, of 30 mph in built-up areas, reversing the removal of speed limits only 4 years earlier by the Road Traffic Act 1930.
- The UK driving test was made compulsory for all new drivers.[4]
- Strengthened legislation relating to insurance for drivers.[5]
Legacy
The Belisha beacon, named after the Transport Minister, was introduced to clearly identify crossings. The 30 mph speed limit in urban areas remains the most common speed limit (as of 2015).
See also
- Locomotives on Highways Act 1896
- Motor Car Act 1903
- Roads Act 1920
- Road Traffic Act 1930
- Road speed limits in the United Kingdom
Notes
- ↑ Department for Transport (2008), p. 106 table 2
References
- References for notes above
- Department for Transport (2008). "Reported Road Casualties Great Britain: 2008 Annual Report" (PDF). Road Casualties Great Britain. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
- Other references
- 1 2 Gardiner, Juliet (2010-02-01). "How the Thirties saw Britain fall in love with the car... and become a nation of road hogs". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
- ↑ "Living Streets". Living Streets. Retrieved 2010-02-37. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ↑ "RAIL AND ROAD CONFERENCE (RECOMMENDATIONS).". Hansard. 1933-02-07. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ↑ "History of the British driving test". Driving Standards Agency.
- ↑ The law of motor insurance. Sweet & Maxwell. 2004. p. 7,8. ISBN 978-0-421-83930-4.