Right to quote
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Right to quote or right of quotation or quotation right is one of the copyright exceptions[1] provided by the Berne Convention, article 10: «It shall be permissible to make quotations [...] provided that their making is compatible with fair practice, and their extent does not exceed that justified by the purpose».[2] With different language, it was already present in the 1908 revision of the treaty.[3]
Implementation
National legislations usually embody the Berne Convention limits in one or more of the following requirements:
- the cited paragraphs are within a reasonable limit (varying from country to country),
- clearly marked as quotations and fully referenced,
- the resulting new work is not just a collection of quotations, but constitutes a fully original work in itself.
In some countries the intended use of the work (educational, scientific, parodist, etc.) may also be a factor determining the scope of this right.
Europe
The right to quote is especially important in continental Europe copyright law, where it covers some of the practices known elsewhere as fair use. European jurisprudence is gradually extending the amount of uses permitted under the right to quote, with some limits.[1]
France
In France, it is illegal to reproduce someone's work without their approval. But if the work is published, i.e. no longer being edited prior to release, small quotations are legal.[4]
Germany
In Germany, the right to quote is extended considerably for research purposes and may even encompass complete works (e. g. texts, pictures, music or videos).[5]
Poland
In Poland, the right to quote allows quotation of excerpts of works and small works as a whole, provided that this is justified by teaching, review, explanation[6] or caricatural motivation.[7]
References
- 1 2 Senftleben, Martin, Bridging the Differences between Copyright's Legal Traditions – The Emerging EC Fair Use Doctrine (June 15, 2010). Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 521-552, Spring 2010. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1723902
- ↑ s:Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works/Articles_1_to_21#Article_10
- ↑ «As regards the liberty of extracting portions from literary or artistic works [...] is not affected by the present Convention.» s:Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works_(Berlin_Act,_1908)#Article_10.
- ↑ http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:JsLouMmYHV0J:www.ibls.com/members/docview.aspx%3Fdoc%3D963+Right+to+quote&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ch
- ↑ § 51 UrhG German legislation on the Großzitat
- ↑ https://bezprawnik.pl/prawo-cytatu/
- ↑ http://techlaw.pl/prawo-cytatu/