Rhacophorus

Rhacophorus

Malabar gliding frog (Rhacophorus malabaricus) Note the elongated toes with prominent webbing.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Amphibia
Subclass:	Lissamphibia
Order:	Anura
Suborder:	Neobatrachia
Family:	Rhacophoridae
Subfamily:	Rhacophorinae
Genus:	Rhacophorus Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822
Species
About 80, see text
Synonyms
Leptomantis Peters, 1867 Rhacoforus Palacky, 1898 (lapsus) Racophorus Schlegel, 1826 (lapsus)

Rhacophorus is a genus of frogs in the shrub frog family (Rhacophoridae) which together with the related Hylidae makes up the true tree frogs. They live in India, Japan, Madagascar, Africa, and Southeast Asia. "Amphibian Species of the World 5.6" lists 81 species.^[1]

These frogs have long toes with strong webbing between them, enabling the animals to slow their fall to a glide, a form of arboreal locomotion known as 'parachuting'.^[2] They are therefore among the anurans commonly known as "flying frogs".

The present genus is closely related to Polypedates, which in former times was often included in Rhacophorus. Even today, it is not fully resolved in which of these genera "P." feae and the Chinese flying frog ("R." dennysi) properly belong, and the supposedly new species "P. pingbianensis" has turned out to be the same as R. duboisi.

Foam nest of Rhacophorus arboreus

Reproduction

These frogs lay their eggs in aerial foam nests; upon hatching, tadpoles drop to the water under the nest and complete their development there.^[3]^[4]

Species

There are 82 species in the genus:^[1]^[5]

Rhacophorus achantharrhena Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, 1927
Rhacophorus annamensis Smith, 1924 – Annam flying frog
Rhacophorus arboreus (Okada and Kawano, 1924)
Rhacophorus arvalis Lue, Lai, and Chen, 1995
Rhacophorus aurantiventris Lue, Lai, and Chen, 1994
Rhacophorus baluensis Inger, 1954
Rhacophorus barisani Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
Rhacophorus belalongensis Dehling and Grafe, 2008
Rhacophorus bifasciatus Van Kampen, 1923
Rhacophorus bimaculatus (Peters, 1867)
Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 (including R. htunwini)
Rhacophorus burmanus (Andersson, 1939)
Rhacophorus calcadensis Ahl, 1927 – Kalakad gliding frog
Rhacophorus calcaneus Smith, 1924
Rhacophorus catamitus Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
Rhacophorus chenfui Liu, 1945
Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey and Steiof, 1998 – blue-spotted tree frog
Rhacophorus dennysi Blanford, 1881 – Chinese flying frog, Chinese gliding frog (sometimes in Polypedates)
Rhacophorus dorsoviridis Bourret, 1937
Rhacophorus duboisi Ohler, Marquis, Swan, and Grosjean, 2000 (including R. pingbianensis)
Rhacophorus dugritei (David, 1872)
Rhacophorus dulitensis Boulenger, 1892 – jade tree frog
Rhacophorus edentulus Müller, 1894
Rhacophorus exechopygus Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999
Rhacophorus fasciatus Boulenger, 1895
Rhacophorus feae Boulenger, 1893
Rhacophorus gadingensis Das & Haas, 2005
Rhacophorus gauni (Inger, 1966)
Rhacophorus georgii Roux, 1904
Rhacophorus harrissoni Inger and Haile, 1959
Rhacophorus helenae Rowley, Tran, Hoang & Le, 2012^[5] – Helen's tree frog
Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy, and Ho, 2001
Rhacophorus hongchibaensis Li, Liu, Chen, Wu, Murphy, Zhao, Wang, and Zhang, 2012
Rhacophorus hui Liu, 1945
Rhacophorus hungfuensis Liu and Hu, 1961
Rhacophorus indonesiensis Hamidy & Kurniati, 2015
Rhacophorus jarujini Matsui & Panha, 2006
Rhacophorus kajau Dring, 1983
Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme, 2005 – black-webbed treefrog
Rhacophorus laoshan Mo, Jiang, Xie, and Ohler, 2008
Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger, 1883

Rhacophorus leucofasciatus Liu and Hu, 1962
Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870 – Malabar gliding frog
Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837)
Rhacophorus marmoridorsum Orlov, 2008
Rhacophorus maximus Günther, 1858
Rhacophorus minimus Rao, Wilkinson & Liu, 2006
Rhacophorus modestus Boulenger, 1920
Rhacophorus moltrechti Boulenger, 1908
Rhacophorus monticola Boulenger, 1896
Rhacophorus nigropalmatus Boulenger, 1895 – Wallace's flying frog
Rhacophorus omeimontis (Stejneger, 1924)
Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler and Köhler, 2001
Rhacophorus owstoni (Stejneger, 1907)
Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858 – harlequin tree frog
Rhacophorus penanorum Dehling, 2008
Rhacophorus poecilonotus Boulenger, 1920
Rhacophorus prasinatus Mou, Risch, and Lue, 1983
Rhacophorus prominanus Smith, 1924 – Malayan flying frog
Rhacophorus pseudacutirostris Dehling, 2011
Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus Vasudevan and Dutta, 2000
Rhacophorus puerensis (He, 1999)
Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) – black-webbed tree frog, green flying frog, Reinwardt's tree frog
Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu and Hu, 1960 (including R. namdaphaensis, often included in R. bipunctatus)
Rhacophorus robertingeri Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012
Rhacophorus robinsonii Boulenger, 1903
Rhacophorus rufipes Inger, 1966
Rhacophorus schlegelii (Günther, 1858)
Rhacophorus spelaeus Orlov, Gnophanxay, Phimminith, and Phomphoumy, 2010
Rhacophorus subansiriensis Mathew and Sen, 2009
Rhacophorus suffry Bordoloi, Bortamuli, and Ohler, 2007
Rhacophorus taipeianus Liang and Wang, 1978 – Taipei tree frog
Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977
Rhacophorus tuberculatus (Anderson, 1871)
Rhacophorus turpes Smith, 1940
Rhacophorus vampyrus Rowley, Le, Thi, Stuart, and Hoang, 2010 – vampire tree frog
Rhacophorus verrucopus Huang, 1983
Rhacophorus viridis (Hallowell, 1861)
Rhacophorus wui Li, Liu, Chen, Wu, Murphy, Zhao, Wang, and Zhang, 2012
Rhacophorus yaoshanensis Liu and Hu, 1962
Rhacophorus yinggelingensis Chou, Lau, and Chan, 2007

References

1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Rhacophorus". Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ John R. Hutchinson. "Gliding and Parachuting". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Regents of the University of California.
↑ Grosjean, S.; Delorme, M.; Dubois, A.; Ohler, A. (2008). "Evolution of reproduction in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 46 (2): 169. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00451.x.
↑ Li, Jiatang; Dingqi Rao; Robert W. Murphy; Yaping Zhang (2011). "The systematic status of rhacophorid frogs" (PDF). Asian Herpetological Research. 2: 1–11. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2011.00001.
1 2 Rowley, J. J. L.; Tran, D. T. A.; Hoang, H. D.; Le, D. T. T. (2012). "A new species of large flying frog (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from lowland forests in southern Vietnam". Journal of Herpetology. 46 (4): 480–487. doi:10.1670/11-261.

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Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - Family Rhacophoridae

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