Reproductive surgery

Reproductive surgery is using surgery in the field of reproductive medicine. It can be used for contraception, e.g. in vasectomy, wherein the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, but is also used plentifully in assisted reproductive technology.

A reproductive surgeon is an obstetrician-gynecologist or urologist who specializes in reproductive surgery.^[1]

In assisted reproductive technology

Reproductive surgery is used for treating e.g. fallopian tube obstruction and vas deferens obstruction, or reversing a vasectomy by a reverse vasectomy.

Surgical sperm retrieval is an alternative means of semen collection, where other means are not possible, e.g. in posthumous sperm retrieval.

Trends

Albeit an increase in overall use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), surgeries on the fallopian tubes and ovaries have decreased. Reproductive surgery in women has largely been complementary to other ART methods such as medication, except for in tubal infertility, where surgery remains the main treatment.^[2]

References

↑ Glossary The InterNational Council on Infertility Information Dissemination (INCIID). Last Updated: May 4, 2004
↑ Ketefian A, Hu J; Bartolucci AA; Azziz R (September 2008). "Fifteen-year trend in the use of reproductive surgery in women in the United States". Fertil. Steril. 92 (2): 727–35. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.041. PMID 18823883.

Assisted reproductive technology

Infertility	Female Male Fertility clinic Fertility testing Fertility tourism

Fertility medication	Estrogen antagonists aromatase inhibitor clomifene FSH GnRH agonists Gonadotropins menotropins hCG

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) and expansions	Assisted zona hatching Autologous endometrial coculture Cytoplasmic transfer Embryo transfer Gestational carrier In vitro maturation Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Oocyte selection Ovarian hyperstimulation Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Snowflake children Transvaginal ovum retrieval Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Other methods	Artificial insemination sperm donation Cryopreservation embryos oocyte ovarian tissue semen Gamete intrafallopian transfer Reproductive surgery vasectomy reversal Semen collection Sex selection Surrogacy

Donation	Donor registration Donor Sibling Registry Egg donation Embryo Sperm Sperm bank

Ethics	Accidental incest Religious response to ART Mitochondrial donation

In fiction	See subsection in sperm donation Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction

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