Reform Act
In the United Kingdom, Reform Act is a generic term used for legislation concerning electoral matters. It is most commonly used for laws passed in the 19th century and early 20th century to enfranchise new groups of voters and to redistribute seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Reform Acts
The parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom was expanded and made more uniform through a series of Acts of Parliament, also known as Representation of the People Acts, beginning in 1832.
- Reform Act 1832 (England and Wales), which gave representation to previously underrepresented urban areas and extended the qualifications for voting.
- Scottish Reform Act 1832, a similar reform applying to Scotland.
- Irish Reform Act 1832, a similar reform applying to Ireland.
- Reform Act 1867, which widened the franchise and adjusted representation to be more equitable.
- Ballot Act 1872 (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1872"), which introduced the secret ballot.
- Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1883"), which introduced campaign spending limits.
- Reform Act 1884, which allowed people in counties to vote on the same basis as those in towns. Home ownership was the only qualification.
- Reform Act 1885, which split most multi-member constituencies into multiple single-member ones.
- Reform Act 1918, which abolished property qualifications for men and introduced limited female suffrage, for women over the age of 30.
- Reform Act 1928, which widened suffrage by giving women electoral equality with men.
Modern usage
The periodic redrawing of constituency boundaries is now dealt with by a permanent Boundary Commission in each part of the United Kingdom, rather than by a Reform Act.
Some people in Britain, mostly associated with the Liberal Democrats, have called for a new "Great Reform Act" to introduce electoral changes they favour. These would include lowering the minimum voting age to 16 and introducing proportional representation.
See also
- Elections in the United Kingdom § History
- Suffrage § United Kingdom
- Universal suffrage § Dates by country